❶ 英文电影发展史
这个也太有难度了吧，非得专业人士不行啊，建议你还是直接娶你老师那边索要得了，呵呵，大不了请吃顿饭完事！
❷ 求一篇电影发展史的作文，大学的，150字左右，要英文的急求！
The history of film spans over 100 years, from the latter part of the 19th century to the present day. Motion pictures developed graally from a carnival novelty to one of the most important tools of communication and entertainment, and mass media in the 20th century and into the 21st century. Most films before 1930 were silent. Motion picture films have substantially affected the arts, technology, and politics.
The cinema was invented ring the 1890s, ring what is now called the instrial revolution. It was considered a cheaper, simpler way to provide entertainment to the masses. Movies would become the most popular visual art form of the late Victorian age. It was simpler because of the fact that before the cinema people would have to travel long distances to see major dioramas or amusement parks. With the advent of the cinema this changed. During the first decade of the cinema's existence, inventors worked to improve the machines for making and showing films. The cinema is a complicated medium, and before it could be invented, several technological requirements had to be met
❸ 美国电影的发展史概述 简短一点 700字左右
1889年，美国发明家爱迪生的实验室发明了活动电影摄影机，其后又发明了电影放映机，并于1893年建立了世界上第一个电影摄影棚。1894年4月，爱迪生用他的电影放映设备——"电影视镜"开始了商业性放映活动，这是美国电影史的开端。
默片时代，电影在美国得到迅速的发展。1906年，全美已有1000家"镍币影院"(因入场券为5美分镍币而得名)。1909年，镍币影院已达到1万家。为美国早期电影奠定艺术基础的艺术家主要有：鲍特、格里菲斯和卓别林。
在早期美国电影的发展中，由爱迪生控制的"电影专利公司"以纽约为基地一度垄断了电影业的经营。到1915年左右，这一垄断终于被打破，美国电影的生产基地移向今天已经闻名世界的好莱坞。在这里，美国电影史上闻名遐迩的八大公司逐渐发展起来，并建立起以"明星制""大制片厂制"和"类型片"为核心的好莱坞 制片体制，它们也被称为好莱坞的"三大法宝。"
1927年，美国华纳兄弟公司推出世界上第一部有声故事片《爵士歌王》，电影进入有声时代。从30年代到40年代中期，美国电影一直处于黄金时代。影片产量稳步上升，美国其他地方以至世界各地的许多电影艺术家纷纷来到好莱坞谋求发展。 随着有声电影的出现，除了早期的喜剧片、西部片、闹剧片外，歌舞片、强盗片、侦探片、恐怖片等各种类型片也迅速发展起来。类型电影是美国电影中的一种特殊现象，它以公式化的情节、类型化的人物和环境长期吸引着观众。如出现最早的西部片，它以美国西部开发的历史为背景，在西部独特的环境中描绘代表"野蛮"的印第安人、强盗、歹徒和代表文明的西部开发者、边疆居民、骑警之间的斗争，并一再塑造枪匹马、独往独来的牛仔形象，一直受到美国观众的欢迎。
40年代末至50年代中期，由于电视业的迅速兴起和政府的反托拉斯法案的实施等因素，美国电影业经受着一系列的打击和挑战。直到60年代末，"美国新电影"的出现和其后"新好莱坞"的兴起，才使美国电影重整旗鼓。从80年代中期直到今天，美国电影逐渐重新称霸世界影坛，并利用雄厚的资金，将高科技带入电影制片，为已有百年历史的电影带来了一种新的语言。
❹ 征求一篇关于我国电影发展史的英文稿
欣逢中国电影百年华诞，是我们这代人的幸运。值此承前启后的时光节点，我们很想做些实事，在下一个百年为拓展中国电影史研究尽绵薄之力。
目前我们能读到的最早的中国电影史著述有两种，
即1934年版《中国电影年鉴》刊载的谷剑尘著《中国电影发达史》和1936年版《近代中国艺术发展史》收入的郑君里著《现代中国电影史略》。两位著者在这一领域有筚路蓝缕之功，其目力笔力所及，止于中国电影初创时期的影事轶闻。
新中国成立后，在电影史方面产生重要影响的首推程季华主编两卷本《中国电影发展史》。该书“十年磨一剑”，于1950年开始酝酿，从全国各地搜寻有关中国电影的资料、报刊、说明书、剧照和海报，1958年正式立项投入写作，1962年修改定稿；有关领导为慎重起见，决定以“初稿”方式出版，1963年首次开印4200册销售一空。三位编著者当初面对中国电影史研究这片“尚未开垦的处女地”，四处搜集积微成著，整合资源殊为可观——正文里片名索引达1336部(次)，影人人名索引为985人（次），刊发图片、剧照819幅；附录里提供了1905年至1949年间出品的国产片目录，程季华称这部书稿为“第一次的、极为初步的关于中国电影历史情况的一份调查报告”。尽管从今天的眼光来看，《中国电影发展史》还存在不少偏颇，但让编著者引以为荣的是，在史料搜集这一点上赢得了海内外专业人士的认可，如1986年版《剑桥中国史·中国民国史》强调“这部两卷著作至今仍是研究中国电影的内容包罗最广的著作”。
On the occasion of the founding of the China Film century, our generation is lucky. On the occasion of the link between past and future nodes time, we want to do practical things in the next 100 years for China to expand study of the history of film to make modest. At present, we can read the earliest Chinese writing the history of film, there are two, that is, the 1934 edition of "China Film Year Book," published in the sword-st "the history of Chinese film developed" and the 1936 edition of "Modern Chinese History of the development of the arts," the income of Zheng Junli "Modern Chinese History of cinema."The two authors in this field have the arous work and vision of its total power as far as I can, beyond the start-up period of Chinese film about the impact of anecdotal things.
After new China was founded in film history have a major impact on most of the quarter-China editor-in-chief of the two-volume "History of the development of Chinese film." The book, "10-year Sword", began in 1950, from all over the country to search for information on China's film, newspapers, periodicals, brochures, posters and stills, officially approved in 1958 into writing, to amend the final version in 1962; about the leadership cautious for the Purposes, the decision to "first draft" of the press, opened for the first time in 1963 and India 4200 sold out.Bianzhu three who had the face of China's film study of the history of this "has not yet opened up the virgin land", to gather around the plot into a micro-book, for the integration of resources is significant - the body of the index reached title in 1336 (), film names index 985 to 000 (times), published photos, stills 819; provided in the appendix from 1905 to 1949 between the films proced catalog-quarter of China said that this manuscript as "the first time, very preliminary film on the history of China A survey report. "Although today's point of view, "the development of Chinese film history" there are still a lot of bias, but Bianzhu so proud of those who, in collecting historical data on this point at home and abroad to win professional recognition, such as the 1986 version of the "Cambridge Chinese History of Chinese history in "stress" of the two volumes of this book is still the study of Chinese film the widest coverage for the contents of the book. "
❺ 帮忙找电影发展史的英语版本，万分感谢
History of Motion Pictures
I INTRODUCTION
History of Motion Pictures, historical development of the visual medium known as motion pictures, film, cinema, or the movies. This article covers the medium’s history as a technology, as a business, as an art form, and as a means of delivering entertainment and information to audiences in theaters and at home. It discusses major filmmakers and their films, principal fiction and nonfiction genres, and film instries in the United States and throughout the world. For more information on the technical aspects involved in creating a film, see Motion Picture.
II ORIGINS
In the early 19th century scientists took note of a visual phenomenon: A sequence of indivial still pictures, when set in motion, can give the illusion of movement. These scientists attributed this experience to what they called persistence of vision, whereby the eye retains a visual image for a fraction of a second after the source has been removed. The eye’s retention of a visual image, now known as positive afterimage, has long been considered a founding principle of motion pictures, even though its relationship to the perception of motion is still not well understood.
A Early Experiments
The persistence of vision concept stimulated experimentation with motion-picture devices throughout the 19th century. Among the first such devices was a slotted disk with a sequence of drawings around its perimeter. When a person spun the disk in front of a mirror and looked through the slots, the drawings appeared to move. The zoetrope, a device developed in the 1830s, was a hollow drum with a strip of pictures around its inner surface. When spun, it proced the same effect. In the 1870s French inventor Émile Reynaud improved on this idea by placing mirrors at the center of the drum. A few years later he developed a projecting version, using a reflector and a lens to enlarge the moving images. In 1892 he began holding public screenings in Paris at his Théâtre Optique, with hundreds of drawings on a reel that he wound through his apparatus to construct moving images that continued for 15 minutes.
Inventors began to conceive of combining the principles of these moving-image devices with the photographic recording of actual movement soon after the development of still photography in the 1830s. The most famous experiment occurred in the 1870s in California, where railroad tycoon Leland Stanford hired British photographer Eadweard Muybridge to settle a bet on whether a galloping horse ever had all four feet off the ground. Muybridge set up 12 cameras along a racetrack and spread threads across the track with a contact to each camera’s shutter. Moving along the track, the horse broke the threads and caused a sequence of photographs to be taken. The photos showed the horse with all four feet off the ground, and Muybridge went on a lecture tour showing his photographs on a moving-image device he called the zoopraxiscope.
Muybridge’s endeavors stimulated French scientist Étienne-Jules Marey to devise equipment for recording and analyzing animal and human movement. He built what he called a chronophotographic camera that could take multiple images superimposed on one another. His work was aided in turn by developments in photographic materials. In 1885 American inventor George Eastman introced sensitized paper roll “film” in place of the indivial glass plates then in use. In 1889 Eastman replaced the paper roll with celluloid, a synthetic plastic material coated with a gelatin emulsion.
B Thomas Alva Edison and William K. L. Dickson
Legendary American inventor Thomas Alva Edison drew upon the work of Muybridge, Marey, and Eastman when he turned his attention to motion pictures in the late 1880s. In his laboratories in West Orange, New Jersey, Edison assigned to a British employee, William K. L. Dickson, the task of constructing a machine for recording actual movement on film and another machine for viewing the resulting images. By 1891 Dickson had proced a motion-picture camera, called the Kinetograph, and a viewing machine, bbed the Kinetoscope.
The Kinetograph was operated by an electric motor that moved the celluloid film roll past the camera lens. Motor-driven cameras, which were bulky and stationary, were soon replaced by movable hand-cranked cameras. Dickson’s key contribution was a sprocket mechanism linked to the camera’s shutter, which momentarily stopped the film roll for each exposure. These separate still photographic images came to be called frames. Early cameras used a number of different speeds for exposing frames, but by the advent of sound film in the late 1920s the standard had become 24 frames per second.
In early 1893 Edison constructed a motion-picture studio on his laboratory grounds, bbed the Black Maria by his staff who thought it resembled police patrol wagons known by that nickname. On May 9, 1893, he held the first public exhibition of films shot using the Kinetograph in the Black Maria. But only one person at a time could use his viewing machine, the Kinetoscope. This boxlike structure contained a motor-and-shutter mechanism similar to the camera’s. It ran a loop of positive film past an electric light source, illuminating a tiny image, which the viewer observed through a small window. Kinetoscope viewing parlors containing many machines for indivial viewing began to open in cities in 1894. Edison and Dickson apparently gave little thought to a single machine that could project moving images to a large audience, something Reynaud had achieved in his Théâtre Optique. Reynaud, however, had displayed drawings rather than images photographed by a motion-picture camera.
C The Lumière Brothers
In France, the brothers Auguste and Louis Lumière, who ran a factory in Lyons that manufactured photographic equipment, sought to improve on Edison’s accomplishment. By 1895 they developed a lightweight, hand-held camera that used a claw mechanism to advance the film roll. They named it the Cinématographe, and they soon discovered that it could also be used to show large images on a screen, when linked with projecting equipment. Throughout 1895 they shot films and projected them for select groups. Their first screening for the general public was held in Paris in December 1895.
Elsewhere other inventors were also busy. In Germany, the brothers Emil and Max Skladanowsky devised an apparatus and projected films in Berlin in November 1895. In Britain, a machine developed by Birt Acres and Robert W. Paul was used to project films in London in January 1896. In the United States, a projector called the Vitascope was constructed around the same time by Charles Francis Jenkins and Thomas Armat. Armat then entered into a commercial alliance with Edison to manufacture the Vitascope, and the device exhibited projected motion pictures in New York City in April 1896.
The Lumière brothers held a unique place among all these simultaneous efforts, since they were innovative filmmakers as well as inventors and manufacturers. The many films they made ring 1895 and 1896, though very short, are considered pivotal in the history of motion pictures. Arroseur et arrosé (Waterer and Watered, 1896), a brief comedy drawn from a newspaper cartoon, shows a gardener getting drenched with a hose as the result of a boy’s prank. La sortie de l’usine Lumière à Lyon (Workers Leaving the Lumiere Factory, 1895) and Arrivée d’un train en gare (Arrival of a Train at La Ciotat, 1896), which shows a train coming to a station and passengers getting off, were among the so-called actuality films—films that depicted actual events rather than a story told by actors—for which the Lumières became noted.
III ONE-REELERS
During the decade following the advent of projected motion pictures, films were shown as part of vaudeville or variety programs, at carnivals and fairgrounds, in lecture halls and churches, and graally in spaces converted for the exclusive exhibition of movies. Most films ran no longer than 10 to 12 minutes, which reflected the amount of film that could be wound on a standard reel for projection (hence the term one-reelers). Many were comedies or actualities, following the Lumière brothers’ example. Their purpose was spectacle—to show something astounding, unusual, titillating, or perhaps newsworthy. But filmmakers also struck out in new directions, especially toward fantasy and narrative.
French magician and filmmaker Georges Méliès was the outstanding creator of fantasy films in early cinema. Méliès exploited the new medium to enhance his magic acts through techniques such as stop-motion photography—interrupting the camera’s action and moving or substituting people and objects—so that, for example, a woman appeared to turn into a skeleton. He created elaborate backdrops with multiple scenes and costume changes for these so-called trick films that were widely emulated by other filmmakers. Of the hundreds of works he made between 1896 and 1912, perhaps the best-known is Le voyage dans la lune (A Trip to the Moon, 1902), which in one scene features the animated human face of the moon being struck in the eye by a rocket.
In the United States, a former projectionist and traveling exhibitor, Edwin S. Porter, took charge of motion-picture proction at Edison’s company in 1901 and began making longer films that told a story. As with Méliès’s films, these required multiple shots that could be edited into a narrative sequence. Porter’s most notable film—and the most famous work of early cinema—was The Great Train Robbery (1903), which is credited with establishing movies as a commercial entertainment medium. With its rapid shifts of location, including action on a moving train, this film offered spectators a breadth and immediacy of vision that became hallmarks of the cinema experience.
Spurred by The Great Train Robbery and subsequent story films, film exhibition greatly expanded in the United States around 1905. One phenomenon was the proliferation of nickelodeon theaters, converted storefronts in instrial cities that charged 5 cents for admission and attracted working-class audiences. Demand from these theaters increased the volume of film proction and the profits for procers, but it also brought forth criticism from reformers concerning unsanitary or unsafe conditions in theaters and immoral subject matter in films. In 1908 Edison took the lead in establishing the Motion Picture Patents Company (MPPC), a consortium of procers with common goals: controlling proction and distribution so as to eliminate cheap theaters, raising admission prices, cooperating with censorship bodies, and preventing film stock from getting into the hands of nonmember procers. However, the independent procers excluded from the MPPC continued to obtain materials and make the most popular films. They also led the way toward multireel, feature-length films. By 1915 the MPPC was under attack by the U.S. government as an illegal monopoly (although an ineffectual one), and the independents were combining into the companies that would dominate American filmmaking for decades to come.
IV SILENT MOVIES
With a few experimental exceptions, motion pictures from their earliest days until the late 1920s lacked synchronous sound (sound that matches the action). But silent movies were rarely silent. Early films almost always were projected with piano or organ accompaniment, and sometimes also with a narrator or live actors behind the screen. As feature-length films (four reels, with a running time of 40 to 50 minutes or more) became the norm in the 1910s, live orchestras began to play in larger theaters, frequently using music written specifically for the film.
Until World War I (1914-1918) European filmmakers dominated the world film market. France was considered the leading film-procing country, though Italy, Denmark, and other countries also played a significant role. However, the war, fought on European soil, disrupted commercial filmmaking there. With a sudden drop in European film exports, some regions, such as Latin America, experienced a brief surge in film proction. But U.S. companies soon took over markets overseas, using the same tactics of high-volume proction and lower prices that the Europeans had. By the 1920s some three-quarters of films screened around the world came from the United States.
A American Silent Movies
Even before the war, the United States had made its mark on the world filmmaking scene with epics and comedies. Moreover, U.S. moviemakers had begun to congregate in southern California in the Los Angeles suburb of Hollywood (see The Move to Hollywood, below), creating a film community apart from older urban centers of politics and the arts, and a magical new symbol for popular entertainment and glamour.
A1 D. W. Griffith
The work of D. W. Griffith exemplifies the transformation of motion pictures from the early days of one-reelers to an era of Hollywood’s worldwide dominance. Starting out as an actor in films directed by Edwin S. Porter, Griffith in 1908 became a director at the American Mutoscope and Biograph Company in New York City. He was initially responsible for turning out two one-reel films a week, and between 1908 and 1913 he directed nearly 500 films. Amidst this breakneck schele, he and his co-workers developed many of the cinema’s basic storytelling conventions: moving the camera close to the action, using many separate shots, and editing the shots to cut back and forth among different actions. All these techniques served to shape a narrative, rather than present a spectacle as earlier films had tended to do. Griffith also nurtured performers such as Mary Pickford and Lillian Gish and emphasized an intimate, restrained style of acting suitable for camera close-ups.
Leaving Biograph in 1913 to make full-length features, Griffith planned a historical epic of the American Civil War (1861-1865). The Birth of a Nation (1915), three hours in length, stunned audiences with its dazzling spectacle of a still-recent event and established motion pictures as an art form for cultured spectators. Yet the film’s racist presumptions—specifically, its defense of white supremacy to protect racial purity—was controversial in its own time and remains repugnant decades later. Griffith made another epic, Intolerance (1916), which intertwined four stories about victims of prejudice, and continued to work as an independent filmmaker into the 1920s. Eventually, financial pressures forced him to become a director at a Hollywood studio, and he made his last film in 1931.
字数限制，没办法全发给你，如需要请留言。
❻ 用英文介绍电影由有声到无声发展的过程
从默片到有声电影
所谓的默片在其鼎盛时代也常常有音乐或者声效相伴，1926年8月，由约翰.巴利摩尔主演的《唐璜》在纽约的华纳剧院首映，这次首映采用了Vitaphone声音系统，以每秒331/3转唱片来使电影声画同步。新的发明很快就跟来了，1927年10月华纳公司的《爵士歌王》敲响了默片的丧钟。 到1930年为止，只有5%的好莱坞的影片还是默片，华纳兄弟采用了更方便的由Western Electric开发的胶片携载声音的技术，这一技术需要采用每秒24格的放映速度，从而诞生了这一今天仍然采用的标准。这一变化彻底改变了电影胶片的形态。
35mm默片的满画面大致是正方形的，比例是1.33:1 (或4:3，象电视画面)，1927年最早的声音印在胶片上时是1.21:1
1932年，制片商和放映商联合建立了胶片上声音轨迹宽度的标准，从而创造了新的1.37:1比例。随着这一整个业界技术方针的确立，电影中的对白、歌舞急剧增加.在30年代，电影观众增加了一倍。 电影工业继续寻找新的发展，很快，就开始经历彩色电影，开始了一个新的时代。
From silent to sound moviesThe so-called silent in its heyday there is often accompanied by music or sound effects, in 1926 August, by John Barrymore." Don Juan" starring Warner theater premiere in New York, the premiere of the Vitaphone sound system, with every second 331 / 3 rpm records to make the film synchronized sound. The new invention was soon to come, in 1927 October Warner's" the jazz singer" sounded the death knell of the silent. Until 1930, only 5% of the Hollywood videos or films, Warner Brothers used the more convenient by Western Electric development of the film carrying voice technology, this technology requires the use of the projection speed at 24 frames per second, resulting in the birth of this remains today the standard. This change has revolutionized the film morphology.35mm silent movie full screen is roughly square, the proportion is 1.33 : 1 ( or 4: 3, like a television ), 1927 the earliest sound on film is 1.21: 1In 1932, procers and exhibitors to jointly establish a film sound track width standard, thus creating a new 1.37 : 1 scale. With this throughout the technology instry policy establishment, movies, dance has increased dramatically. In the 30's, movie goers doubled. The film instry continue to seek new development, quickly, began to experience a color film, the start of a new era.
英文是自己用网络翻译的，可能有很多语法错误。希望对楼主有帮助1
❼ 英语介绍 香港电影发展史
VERY HARD```
❽ 关于美国电影发展史
美国电影发展史 分为早期美国无声电影 ，早期有声电影 1、早期电影导演格里菲斯、T.H．英斯和塞纳特对美国早期电影的发展作出了贡献。C.卓别林于1914年拍摄了第一部影片《谋生》，立即吸引了全世界观众。1919年，卓别林、D.范朋克、壁克馥3位著名演员和格里菲斯一道创办了联美公司，以发行他们独立制作的影片。20年代，美国影片生产的结构从以导演为中心逐步转化为以制片人为中心的体制。“制片人中心”模式形成了20年代的“明星制度”，各大公司均拥有一批明星。严格的审查制度使美国无声电影的主要成就表现在喜剧片、西部片和历史片3个方面。喜剧片的佳作首推卓别林的《寻子遇仙记》(1921)、《淘金记》(1925)和《马戏团》(1928)，基登的《航海者》(1924)和《将军》(1926)，H.劳埃德的《大学新生》(1925)；西部片主要有《篷车》(1923)、《铁骑》(1924)和《小马快邮》(1925)等；历史片有C.B.地密尔的《十诫》(1923)和《万王之王》(1927)，格里菲斯的《暴风雨中的孤儿们》(1922)，R.英格兰姆的《启示录四骑士》(1921)等。 第一次世界大战后，不少欧洲导演陆续来到好莱坞，他们的才能不同程度地受到了制片公司的抑制和扼杀。他们和美国导演一道，拍摄出无声电影的最后一批重要影片，如F.鲍沙其的《七重天》(1927)、C.勃朗的《肉与魔》(1927)、H.金的《史泰拉恨史》(1925)和K.维多的《大检阅》(1925)等。R.J.弗拉哈迪的《北方的纳努克》(1922)则为纪录电影奠定了基础。 有声电影：1926年，华纳兄弟影业公司拍摄了用唱片来配唱的由J.巴里摩尔主演的歌剧片《唐璜》(A.克罗斯兰导演)。 1927年10月6日又首映了由A.克罗斯兰导演、A.乔生主演的有歌唱、对白、声响的《爵士歌手》，这是世界上第一部有声故事片。 1928年7月6日华纳公司又推出了“百分之百的有声片”《纽约之光》。自此，有声电影全面推开。至1930年，除卓别林继续拍摄了几部无声片外，全部故事片均为有声片。 在导演中间最先适应有声片制作并拍摄出富于创造性影片的有：R.马莫里安的《喝彩》(1929)和使用了主观镜头的《化身博士》(1932)，L.迈尔斯东的《西线无战事》(1930)和《头版新闻》(1931)、刘别谦的《爱情的检阅》(1929)和《微笑的中尉》(1931)，K.维多的《哈利路亚》(1930)。卓别林也拍摄了他的第一部有声片《城市之光》(1931)。 美国电影黄金时代 [ 转自铁血社区 http://bbs.tiexue.net/ ]美国电影中的特殊现象——类型影片，在30年代获得了充分的发展。最初的类型片是无声电影时代的喜剧片、闹剧片和西部片，到30年代初期，歌舞片、盗匪片、侦探片、恐怖片等类型相继出现并得到繁荣发展。类型电影是美国经济、社会和文化需要的直接产物，它们中成为经典作品的有歌舞片《四十二街》 (1933)、《掘金女郎》(1933)、《大礼帽》(1935)、《风月无边》 (1936)和《齐格飞大歌舞》(1936)；盗匪片《小恺撒》(1931)、《公敌》 (1931)、《疤面人》(1932)和《吓呆了的森林》(1936)；恐怖片《吸血鬼》(1931)和《弗兰肯斯坦》(1931)等。
❾ 中国电影发展史的英文介绍
An introction of the history of Chinese films in English.
中国电影发展史的英文介绍
❿ 美国电影史英文版
英译：For a long time, the United States only to the film as a means of entertainment to Hollywood as a story and fantasy proction factories, so first of all note that the movie business value. However, after 70 years, the American film has been great development in academic research. In 1967, both in Washington and Los Angeles have established the American Film Institute (AFI). Film Archive, throughout the United States, including important ones are the New York Museum of Modern Art, Rochester's Eastman Film Archive, the Library of Congress, Washington, Berkeley Pacific Film Archive. 8 large film company has disintegrated or converting 60 years after the
A large number of film and archives donated to the museum and the University Film Studies Center, the study of national film traditions, protect their heritage plays a significant role in the film.
By 1900, Hollywood has a post office, a newspaper, a hotel and two markets, its residents number 500. 100,000 population in Los Angeles in the city, 11 kilometers east. In Hollywood and Los Angeles have only a single-track tram. 1902 Hollywood hotel, now known as the first part of the opening. In 1903, here upgraded to the city's 177 voting residents of the right to vote unanimously endorsed by the "Hollywood," named after whom. That year under the two commands are: In addition to pharmacies in other stores outside the prohibition, and no amount of driving in the streets more than 200 cattle. 1904
A new so-called Hollywood Avenue streetcar opened, so that between the Hollywood and Los Angeles round-trip time significantly shortened. In 1910, Hollywood residents voted to join the Los Angeles. The reason is so that they can be in Los Angeles drinking water and access to adequate drainage facilities.
In 1907, director Francis Burgess led his crew arrived in Los Angeles, filming "Count of Monte Cristo." They found that, where beautiful natural scenery, plenty of light and suitable climate is the natural place for filming. The early 1910s, director David Griffith Biograph company was sent to the West Coast to make a film, he took Lillian Gish, Mary-bi g-fu and other actors came to Los Angeles. They were then looking for a new site, so proceed north, came a warm small town, and that is Hollywood. Biograph company found here in good condition
So back to New York before they filmed several movies. Graally many people in the instry know that invaluable piece of land, to the increasing number of Hollywood movie crew, the U.S. film instry moved to Hollywood's big movement started, Hollywood movies have to be forward.
October 1911, a group from New Jersey to film-makers on the ground that under the leadership of the photographer came to a small Inn called Bu Lang, they will rent the inn converted into a studio look. In this way, they created Hollywood's first film studio - Ernest Pictures.
Since then, many film companies settled in Hollywood, the famous film companies: MGM (Metro Goldwyn Mayer, called MGM), Paramount Pictures (Paramount Pictures, Inc.), Twentieth Century Fox (20th Century Fox), Warner Bros. (Warner Brothers), RKO (Radio Keith Orpheum, referred to as RKO), Universal (Universal), United Artists Corporation (United Artists), Columbia Pictures (Columbia Pictures).
【中文】
关于美国电影
长期以来，美国只把电影看作是娱乐手段，把好莱坞当成生产故事和幻想的工厂，因此首先注意影片的商业价值。但是，70年代前后，美国电影学术研究有了很大的发展。1967年，在华盛顿和洛杉矶两地成立了美国电影研究院（AFI）。电影资料馆遍布全美，其中重要的有纽约现代艺术博物馆、罗切斯特的伊斯曼电影数据馆、华盛顿国会图书馆、伯克利太平洋电影资料馆等。8大影片公司于60年代先后解体或转产之后，影片和档案大量捐赠给上述资料馆和各大学的电影研究中心，对研究本国电影传统、保护本国电影文物起着很大作用。
二十世纪的好莱坞：到1900年，好莱坞已经有一间邮局、一张报纸、一座旅馆和两个市场，其居民数为500人。10万人口的洛杉矶位于市东11公里处。在好莱坞和洛杉矶间只有一条单轨的有轨电车。1902年，今天著名的好莱坞酒店的第一部分开业。1903年，此地升格为市，参加投票的177位有选举权的居民一致赞同以“好莱坞”为之命名。当年下的两条命令是：除药店外其他商店禁酒，及不准在街上驱赶数量多于200的牛群。1904年，一条新的被称为好莱坞大街的有轨电车开业，使好莱坞与洛杉矶间的往返时间大大缩短。1910年，好莱坞的居民投票决定加入洛杉矶。原因是这样他们可以通过洛杉矶取得足够的饮水和获得排水设施。
1907年，导演弗朗西斯·伯格斯带领他的摄制组来到洛杉矶，拍摄《基督山伯爵》。他们发现，这里明媚的自然风光、充足的光线和适宜的气候是拍摄电影的天然场所。1910年代初，导演大卫·格里菲斯被Biograph公司派到西海岸来拍电影，他带着丽莲·吉许、玛丽·璧克馥等演员来到了洛杉矶。他们后来想寻找一块新的地盘，于是向北出发，来到了一个热情的小镇，那就是好莱坞。Biograph公司发现此地条件不错，于是在回纽约前又陆续拍了好几部电影。渐渐许多业内人士都知道了这块宝地，到好莱坞的电影剧组越来越多，美国电影业移师好莱坞的大转移开始，好莱坞向成为电影之都迈进。
1911年10月，一批从新泽西来的电影工作者在当地以为摄影师的带领下，来到一家叫布朗杜的小客栈，他们将租到的客栈改装成一家电影公司的样子。这样，他们创建了好莱坞的第一家电影制片厂——内斯特影片公司。
从那以后，许多电影公司在好莱坞落户，著名的电影公司有：米高梅电影公司（Metro Goldwyn Mayer，简称MGM）、派拉蒙影业公司（Paramount Pictures, Inc.）、二十世纪福克斯公司（20th Century Fox）、华纳兄弟公司（Warner Brothers）、雷电华公司（Radio Keith Orpheum，简称RKO）、环球公司（Universal）、联美公司（United Artists）、哥伦比亚影业公司（Columbia Pictures）。