❶ 幫忙寫（找）一篇關於研究中西方文化差異的論文。1000~2000字，用英語寫
隱喻的中西方文化差異
Abstract: Metaphor is not only a linguistic phenomenon but also a way of thinking, which is one of the basic methods for human survival and cognition. It is rooted in language, thought and culture. Through the analysis and comparison of the use and concept of metaphor in different countries, we find that its universality and commonality of the metaphor as a basic human cognitive activities. However, metaphor in different languages reflects a different way of thinking and behavior and different cultural patterns. Owing to the different two modes of thinking and culture, there are some differences in understanding and formation that can not be ignored. Therefore, this paper will discuss the questions above.
Keywords: metaphor, cross-cultural differences, translation.
1. Preamble
Metaphor is a common phenomenon, a large number of people use metaphor to express his feelings and ideas. British scientists rhetoric Richards (IARichards) once said, "We have day-to-day in almost every conversation in three sentences may be a metaphor." According to statistics, life around the use of 4,700,000 new metaphor, 2,140,000 stereotypes of metaphor. Research in recent years, there is a great metaphor. This article introced in the definition of metaphor on the basis of summing up the similarities and differences between Chinese and Western metaphor, and that its culture, precisely because of the prevalence of metaphor, how to translate metaphor has become a very important issue in the latter part of the article is aimed at The translation of metaphor put forward a translation of the three strategies. This paper studies aimed at trying to comparative analysis of English and Chinese in a large number of day-to-day language of metaphor to express, find out the differences and similarities, in order to be able to accurately translate the article in good metaphor to explore a little. This article is about the metaphor from the point of view to explore the differences in the way Thinking allows us to a deeper understanding of language, culture, the relationship between thinking and can more clearly understand the different ethnic language, culture, way of thinking, and so on On the nature of translation.
2. Metaphors in Chinese and Western studies
In 1980, Lakoff & Johnson (George Lakoff & Mark Johnson) made a "living metaphor" (Metaphors We Live By) of the book, a modern metaphor to open a new chapter in the school. Domestic academia on the "metaphor" This is also a review of the system, such as Lin Wu's book "Study abroad metaphor Looking at the" beam-setting "metaphor research," Li of China and India "The main subjects Metaphor" and so on. However, the Chinese metaphor for the academic study of rare. "Chinese scholars on the study of metaphor, I am afraid the real contribution should be through the metaphor of the Chinese characteristics of research and study, through the metaphor of the Chinese and other languages in the comparative study of metaphor, metaphor for the establishment of a more general theory of the strong, and even unique The basis. "Lin Wu in the book" metaphor of the basic research the status quo, and the focus of the trend "in the main text, put forward a model of cultural metaphors with the relationship:" The language of metaphor is the emergence of expression into the system, which not only reflects the psychological Structure, but also reflect the different cultural models also play a role. "
2.1 metaphor in the relationship between Chinese and Western cultures
2.1.1 relationship
Correspond to (corresponding) refers to the relationship between the two languages, English and Chinese in the meaning and metaphor in the use of the same meaning in the culture and image, and so on and-one mapping. This is because the survival of mankind itself, as well as all the external conditions, including the geographical environment, climate change, and the whole of human society and cultural background are certain there is a common, which formed a common humanity of their own and the outside world on many issues. In the "angry" mood, the English are angry that physiological responses, such as: grind one's teeth. (Teeth), bare one's teeth. (Ziyaliezui) an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. (an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth), reflecting the Chinese culture on the basis of common experience.
2.1.2 non-correspondence
English-Chinese metaphor, after all, rooted in two different languages on the soil, resulting in very different cultural backgrounds, fully corresponds to the few metaphors, the vast majority do not have common cultural identity in order to form the corresponding non-(non-corresponding ) Relations. Non-relationship metaphor can be roughly divided into three categories:
2.1.2.1 Vehicle counterpart, Yu Yi does not correspond to
English and Chinese in some cases there is the same as a metaphor, but in their own language and culture in the meaning of the metaphor means is different, even different. Peacock in the Chinese culture is auspicious, a symbol of beauty, especially the Dai people to express jumped Pavaner desire to better their own. If the Chinese people will be likened to a peacock, it means that beautiful light. However, in English, peacock (Peacock) is a symbol of pride, often interpreted as arrogance, love to show off. For example, They were eager to take the young peacock down a peg. (They want to pressure a pressure that the arrogant young guy's momentum).
2.1.2.2 counterpart Yu Yi, the vehicle does not correspond to
English-Chinese two nations e to their differences, from different angles to look at things the same, it will be a different analogy. As a result both English and Chinese language there is a different vehicle, but Yu was referring to was basically the same as the meaning of the case, that is the same kind of non-correspondence. Such as: a person described as the hearts of anxious, restless, Chinese is "ants on the hot pan" and English is "a cat on the bricks". There are similar: To kick down the ladder. Guohechaiqiao.
2.1.2.3 Yu Yu Yi and do not correspond to
Some of the metaphors Yu-Yu has a meaning and it refers to the language and culture are closely related, in another culture often can not find corresponding Yu and Yu Yi, which resulted in a culture known as the default Phenomenon. For example: in English "my rib" I am referring to Yu's wife, it comes from the "Bible" story, that is, Adam (Adam)'s wife Eve (Eve) God is with a piece of Adam's rib made. The Chinese did not, "the Bible" cultural background, and there was no analogy with rib habit, so the formation of a corresponding gap. Similarly, "ugly ckling" (Ugly Duckling) refers to the metaphor will get ahead of Little, "early bird" refers to the diligent Yu, in the words into Chinese language, culture, as a result of the default, can not find a corresponding relationship between metaphor .
2.2 Chinese and Western cultures in the common metaphor
Metaphor and culture to a large extent, human beings have a common understanding, rooted in the people's own day-to-day experience. In this connection, often between different ethnic groups are the same. Both English and Chinese language in a lot of abstract thinking that the metaphorical expression is the same. For example: the human child in the period to form a position on the concept of input in that direction in the form of many of them easily understood, including the position expressed by metaphor, which has become a fixed pattern of thinking. For example: The term direction (up, down) to describe people's social status, physical, emotional, and other abstract concepts to the case when the good is up; Sad is down. We Chinese are also not difficult to find a similar sentence: "Gas Prices "," enhance the social status "and" vision "and" depressed. " Since the objective laws of nature with the relative unity of different cultures to understand the nature of the course is similar to the cognitive experience.
2.3 in the metaphor of the difference between Chinese and Western cultures
As the English-Chinese geographical and cultural differences, living in two different cultures in practice there are a lot of differences, and different life experiences and let people understand the objective world, a different language carries different nationalities Cultural characteristics and cultural information. Understanding of metaphor is not out of socio-cultural backgrounds. For example, social and cultural impact of the color words is deep-rooted, some color words in different cultures in an entirely different meaning, has a distinctive feature of our national culture. Such as: English, said in green "inexperienced" and "shallow knowledge", such as: "a green hand", "I was very green when I started working there." The Chinese like to express the meaning of the word is "yellow" Such as: "Huangmaoyatou" and "flower girl". Cultural background knowledge is the metaphor to create a rich source of thinking, as the Eastern and Western cultures are different, metaphors in English and Chinese applications there are also significant differences.
2.4 The metaphor of the cross-cultural differences between Chinese and Western influence
Language is a cultural change in the development of the complex, subject to political, economic, historical, environmental and other factors. Chinese and Western styles are different, but in many ways to infiltrate interaction and integration, language differences and cultural metaphor for the inevitable impact is complex and diverse.
2.4.1 metaphorical expression of cultural conflict
Different nationalities in the world to observe a different perspective and ideas, different cultures there are a lot of conflict or inconsistency metaphor. If the animal metaphors, in English Long (dragon) is a kind of evil, will belch out smoke monster. "Bible", the dragon is the devil, is a symbol of evil and terror, there is a terrible vicious meaning. The Chinese dragon is in power, the auspicious symbol of Chinese traditional culture, the Chinese have "Wangzichenglong", "descendants of the Dragon." The same analogy in different cultures, different meaning, of two cultures
"Dragon" to give a different connotation.
2.4.2 differences in living conditions caused by differences in metaphor
In English is a lot of metaphor and marine-related, such as: all at sea (at a loss what to do); drink like a fish (drinking cow); fish in the air (Shuizhonglaoyue); give up the ship (give up). In Chinese, there are a lot of the horse or cattle pose a metaphor, such as: "a willing ox" (a willing horse) Gan means to serve the community; "old ox" (a working horse) refers to the hard work; "bragging "(Talk horse), and so on. This is e to different geographical location and natural environment caused by different cultural metaphor. Britain is an island, ultimately, dependent on the sea, and China is a large agricultural country, farming culture deeply feudal society.
2.4.3 different religious and cultural differences arising from the metaphor
Religious culture of human culture is an important part of it by referring to the nation's religious beliefs, such as the formation of the sense of culture, "the Bible" in the story, with its language and meaning has become a feature of daily life in the West in terms of . For example, power of the keys (the keys to the kingdom of heaven; the rights of the Pope), in the right church, but in the wrong pew (in general is right, but not the details), and so on. Chinese culture and Buddhism, Taoism and more affected by the impact of Confucianism, the Chinese, there are a lot of related argot. "Jiehuaxianfo"; "臨時抱佛腳"; "做一天和尚撞一天鍾" and so on.
It is e to the diversity of culture, resulting in the differences between English and Chinese metaphor. This difference to the cross-cultural communication has brought the impact. As a foreign language students, do not understand the difference between metaphor and language will make mistakes, sometimes mistakenly made good as pleasant, caused by either one or both of the conversation unpleasant; also sometimes mocked as a praise. When a native language other operators do not understand the language contained in the cultural differences, it is often difficult for such language to accurately convey the meaning of the understanding, difficulty to the cross-cultural exchange.
3. Metaphor of the three methods of translation
The translation of metaphor not only accurately and effectively convey the original language, but also loyal, accessible, complete reproction of the original language and cultural connotation and significance. But in the West because of cultural differences and different, so the translation of metaphor in English on the need to consider not only its literal sense, and so on, but also in the West should pay attention to their cultural differences.
American Eugene Nida said: "Translation is the exchange between the two cultures. The real success of the translation, even more familiar with the two cultures is more important to master two languages. Because only in terms of its role in the culture In the background will only be meaningful. "Therefore, the translation of metaphor to combining Chinese and Western cultures, and cultural backgrounds to leave the translation, can not be achieved between the two languages of the real exchange.
3.1 Literal Translation
The so-called "literal" is asked in the language when conditions permit, in the translation to maintain the original content, but also to maintain the original form, in particular, to maintain the original metaphor, the image of the nation, and other local color. In the literal translation method to maintain the original expression of the culture and at the same time, target enriched the vocabulary and expression, such as: "a Pandora's box" (Pandora's Box); "chain reaction" (chain reaction). In the original text and asked the information contained in the same culture, we should adopt the literal translation method.
(1) You are my sunshine, my only sunshine.
: You are my sun, my only sunshine.
In Chinese and English, the sun is warm, beautiful, in both languages, they disseminate information on culture are the same. As a rule, and asked in the original text in the form of grammatical structure, similar to the style or color on basically the same, the law should adopt the literal translation.
(1) He is another Shylock.
: He is also a Shylock. (Note: Shakespeare's Shylock is "The Merchant of Venice" in a very harsh mean business
People. )
(2) To carry coals to Newcastle.
: Coal to Newcastle. (Note: "Newcastle" is a British coal, coal is superfluous here.)
4. Conclusion
Metaphor as a way to figures of speech or skills, a unique feature of grammar, which features make the sentence more flexible and constructive, but the United States. Is a metaphor to express more complex ideas and things, a powerful tool. Wherever and whenever people in their daily lives are often used metaphor. As Mr. Lin Zhuang said: "The metaphor is no longer expanding his knowledge and understanding of a passive process. To help us in the form of new knowledge, the metaphor has played an active role so that we can better a better understanding of the objective world." In English and Chinese Metaphorical significance of the difference is e to cultural differences between East and West, that mode of thinking, moral values and sense of difference. However, different cultural impact of what is the concept of metaphor, it is still a need to examine and address the problem. At the same time, in the metaphor of the process of translation must pay special attention to cultural differences. The best translation is to be able to accurately reflect the true meaning of the author, as well as its cultural and stylistic characteristics of the translation, that is, the translation of metaphor to make as much as possible the original language and to achieve the target language culture, and so on.
❷ 英語專業畢業論文題目可以選《比較東西方魔幻電影》嗎
當然可以
我還可以提供其他題目
一．語言學及應用語言學
1．語言學研究 (如：語言研究，文字研究，詞彙研究，短語和句子研究，語篇研究，語言與文化等)
2．語言教學研究 (如：語言研究與語言習慣，教學方法和技巧研究，教材分析和評估研究，測試與評估研究，課堂教學管理研究，教育技術的使用與開展研究)
3．中英文語法對比研究（某一語法現象）
4．中英文文體對比（詩歌、小說、廣告等）
5．某一文本文體特徵分析
6．中英篇章結構對比
7．中西文字及思維方式
8．情感在外語學習中的作用
9．中介語與外語學習
10．中英異同對外語學習的影響
11．詞彙記憶研究
12．論語言環境與外語學習
13．接受技能與產出技能的關系
14．淺談廣告語言的特點
15．從認知看隱喻在經濟語篇中的應用
16．論基礎英語與專門用途英語的教學關系
17．英漢思維方式對其語言，文字的影響
18．英漢民俗文化對詞彙意義的影響
19．當代英語語言學理論對外語教學的啟示
20．On The Nature And functions of Metaphor 論隱喻的本質與功能
21．On the Origin, Word-Formation and Translation of English Neologisms
淺談英語新詞的產生、構成及翻譯
22．Decomposition and Translation of Ambiguous Structures 歧義結構的化解與翻譯
23．A Contrastive Study of the Formation of English and Chinese Antonyms
論英漢反義詞的形成
24．On the Usage of English Abbreviations on the Internet談網路英語中的縮略語
25．A Contrastive Study of Punctuation in Chinese and English 英漢標點符號比較
26．On the Relationship between Lexical Cohesion and Textual Coherence
詞彙的銜接與語篇的連貫
27．Thought Discrepancies Embodied in English and Chinese Languages
思維差異在英漢語言中的體現
28．Influences of Chinese Dialectical Accent over English Pronunciation
漢語方言對英語發音的影響
29．Language Development of Pre-school Children and English Teaching
幼兒言語發展及幼兒英語教學
30．The Influence of Sino-British Cultures on Metaphors論中英文化對隱語的影響
31．On Politeness Norms and Mistakes in Interactive Communication of Spoken English
英漢口語中互動性交際的禮貌規范與失誤
32.Pragmatic Analysis on the Approximating Quantities with Numbers數詞模糊語的語用分析
33.On Special Usage of English Prepositions英語介詞的另類用法
34.On Fault Use of Words in Law English 論法律英語里的用詞失誤
35.About Usage of Letter 「S」 in English 英語中的字母S的用法探討
36.Usage and Translation of 「and」 英文中的and 的用法與譯法
37.Characteristics of American Slang美國俚語特點
38.Acquisition of Function words in English Learning淺談英語學習中虛詞的掌握
39.Words and Expressions Belittling the Female女性歧視化用詞和表達法研究
40.On the Motivation of Male Students' Interests of English Learning
論男生的英語學習興趣的激發
41.Distinction and translation of English passives without by-phrases
英語中無標記被動結構的識別與翻譯
42.學生個體差異研究 (如：不同性格的學生的口語能力有何不同？)
二. 翻譯理論與實踐
1.翻譯方法個案研究 (如：「從海明威的短篇小說<一個干凈、的地方>看簡潔句的翻譯」)
2.中外翻譯比較
3.歸化與異化----漢語習語的英譯
4.翻譯中的文化沖擊
5.長句的翻譯
6.英語定語從句的翻譯
7.翻譯中的英漢雙語轉換模式探討
8.Transformational Technique of Parts of Speech in Translation翻譯中詞性轉換的技巧
9.Cultural Gap and Mistranslation英漢文化差異與誤譯
10.A Brief Study on the Translation of English News Titles英語新聞標題翻譯初探
11.On Translation Techniques of Loan words淺談外來詞的翻譯
12.Usage and Translation Skills of Numerals in English Expressions
英語中數量在片語中的用法和翻譯技巧
13.Usage and Translation Skills of Numerals in English Expressions
英語中數量在片語中的用法和翻譯技巧
14.A Tentative Study on English Hyperbole淺論英語誇張修辭
15.Features of Network Language and Its Translation網路用語的特點及其翻譯
16.Inter-translation of Humor of English and Chinese 英漢的幽默互譯
17.Alternating Translation of English and Chinese Attributives論英漢互譯中定語的翻譯
18.On Political Factors in English-Chinese Translation翻譯中政治因素的作用
19.The translation method of Chinese and English film's name中英電影名的翻譯方法
三.文學
1.國別文學研究和地域文學研究（如：英國文學、美國文學、澳大利亞文學、加拿大文學、紐西蘭文學/西方文學、大洋洲文學等）
2.文學流派研究 (如：浪漫主義，現實主義，自然主義，超現實主義，存在主義，黑色幽默，意識流，女性主義文學等)
3.作家研究和文本分析 (如：阿瑟.米勒研究，海明威研究，狄更斯研究，論莎士比亞的「威尼斯商人」等)
4.中外比較文學研究 (如：尤金.奧尼爾和曹禺戲劇作品之比較)
五四時期西方女作家對中國女性文學的影響
5.中國詩歌對埃茲拉•龐德（Ezra Pound）的影響
拜倫與魯迅
6.朱光潛與弗洛伊德（Frued）
7.弗洛伊德與文學
8.弗洛伊德與心理分析學
9.西方哥特（Gothic）文學傳統
10.《聖經》在西方文學中的影響
11.莎士比亞的生平及其劇作
12.「湖畔派」詩人
13.簡•奧斯丁小說中的婚姻與女性掙扎
14.詹姆斯•喬伊斯（James Joyce）小說文本的形式實驗
15.夏洛蒂•勃朗特(Charlotte Bronte)的生平與其創作中的自我
16.意識流(stream of consciousness)小說的特點
17.詹姆斯•喬伊斯與意識流小說
18.論霍桑的加爾文主義(Calvinism)傾向
19.Structuralism and Post-structualism
20.Edward Said and Post-colonialism
21.Influence and Transformation of Psychoanalysis on Chinese 22.Modernist Literature in the 21th Century
23.Feminine writing and Chinese Feminist Literature
24.French feminism and Chinese Feminist Literature
25.Virginia Woolf and Feminine Writing
26.Virginia Woolf』s Concept of novel writing
27.The History of Western Feminism
28.Realism, Modernism and Post-modernism
29.Modernism and Post-modernism and Their Fate in the Chinese 30.Literature in the 20th century
31.Irony in Vanity Fair by William M.Thackerary
32.The Bronte Sisters
33.Approaching William Faulkner
34.Earnest Hemingway: The old Man and the Sea
35.Women in Earnest Hemingway』s Novels
36.On Tragic Fate Of the Heroin In Life
37.論<一生>中女主人公的悲劇命運
38.On American Dream ------Viewed from 《Sister Carrie》
39.從《嘉莉妹妹》看美國夢
40.My view on the Classic Standpoint of love of Jane Austin
從《愛瑪》看簡。奧斯丁的古典主義愛情觀
41.On the Meanings of Images in Moby Dick論《白鯨》中的象徵意義
42.A Contrastive Study on Love Tragedy Between Romeo & Juliet and Butterflies in Love
羅米歐與朱麗葉和梁山伯與祝英台的愛情悲劇對比研究
43.The Attitudes towards love in The Hunckback of Notre Dame
論《巴黎聖母院》中的愛情觀
44.The Comparison of Indivialism Between Moby Dick and The Old Man and the Sea
《白鯨》和《老人與海》中的個人主義比較
45.A Comparison of the Value of Love Between Baoyu Daiyu and Jane Rochester
46.寶黛愛情與簡愛羅徹特愛情觀之比較
47.解讀《簡•愛》中的女性意識
48.論《紅字》的悲劇藝術效果。論《紅字》的象徵手法
49.淺談華茲華斯的自然詩
50.美國夢的幻滅：《了不起的蓋茨比》中的蓋茨比的悲劇
51解釋蘭斯頓•休斯詩歌中的種族主義
52.解釋托妮•莫里森小說中的種族主義
53.海明威與「迷惘一代」的文學
54.從《哈克貝里•費恩歷險記》中看馬克•吐溫的美國式幽默
四.跨文化交際
55.On Ways of Breaking Cultural Barriers In Translation Of Human Names
如何克服人名翻譯中的文化障礙
56.On Influence Of Cultural Differences On Understanding English and Chinese Advertisements
論文化差異對解讀英漢廣告的影響
57.On Changes Of Business Etiquettes In Cross-Cultural Communication
論跨文化交際中商務禮儀的變遷
58.On Application Of Nonverbal Means In Communication
論非語言形式在交際中的運用
59.The Comparison and Translation of 「Nine」 in Chinese and Western Culture
英漢數字「九」的文化對比與翻譯
60.The Cultural Influence on English Expressions and Word Choices
文化對英語表達和詞彙的影響
61.The Regional Differences Between Chinese and Western Culture
中西文化差異之地域文化差異
62.Non-equivalence between Chinese and English Idioms and Intercultural Differences
英漢習語的不等值現象與跨文化差異
63.The Influences of Chinese-British Cultural Differences on International Business Protocol
中英文化差異對國際商務禮儀的影響
64.Comparisons of Sino-U.S Family Ecation中美家庭教育的比較
65.A Contrastive Study on Chinese and English Exclamatory Words漢英感嘆詞對比研究
66.On Sino-Western Cultural Differences from Numerical Idioms從數字習語看中西文化差異
67.American movies and American characteristics 美國電影與美國民族特性
68.Usage and Reason of Foreignism in Chinese 漢語中外來詞的使用 現狀及原因
69.Cultural Difference in the Traditional Chinese and Western Festivals
傳統節日映照出的中西文化差異
70.The Influence of American Culture on the Language of Its Movies美國文化對其電影的影響
71.Gender Differences in Speech 言語中的性別差異
72.On the Embodiment of Cultural Specifications of Western Cartoon Movies
論西方卡通片所體現的文化特質
73.A Brief Analysis of the Characteristics of Political Slang in American English
淺析美國英語中政治俚語的特點
74.Cultural Differences between Chinese and Western Marriage
中西婚姻文化差異
五.商務英語
1.On Aesthetic Association and Translation Of Names Of Commodities
論審美聯想與商品名的翻譯
2.On Influence Of American Culture On Import and Export Commodities
論美國文化對進出口商品翻譯的影響
3.On Language Communication Skills In Business Negotiation論商務談判中語言溝通技巧
4.On Skills of Writing a Business Letter商業信函的寫作技巧
5.On the Characteristics of Business Negotiation Language and Its Translation
商務談判用語特點及翻譯
6.Language Characteristics and Skills for an English Tour Guide
英語導游翻譯的語言藝術與技巧
7.The Application of Personification in Advertising廣告英語中擬人的應用
8.Language Characteristics of English Business Contracts商務合同的語言特點
9.On the Abbreviations of Business English淺論商務英語的縮略語
10.On English Translation of Signs and Words in Public Places公共標識用語的英譯探析
11.On translation of tourist guide論旅遊指南的翻譯
12.On the writing and translation of foreign trade contracts論涉外經濟合同寫作及翻譯
13.商務口譯活動及標准
14.口譯質量與效果評估
15.英語廣告與漢語廣告英譯分析
16.英語廣告中的修辭及翻譯
17.涉外廣告文化與翻譯
18.廣告翻譯策略：論廣告翻譯的理論模式
19.我國涉外人員名片的英譯
20.國際條約的語言風格和漢譯技巧
21.國際貿易合同的翻譯
22.科技英語語篇功能分析語翻譯
23.科技英語詞彙翻譯
24.旅遊翻譯中景點錯譯探討
❸ 求《從西方電影看中外文化差異》為題的論文
從發展來看，中國電影事業比西方電影事業起步要晚幾十年。西方電影尤其是美國電影常常有一些不經意的幽默，不是刻意去營造的而是往往在不經意間一個細節讓你忍俊不禁。相比較而言，中國香港電影界的奇跡「無厘頭」電影可謂從頭到尾讓人樂翻天，這不僅僅體現在情節設計上，在人物形象和塑造上，環境的布置以及音樂配置上都是做足功夫的。以我個人的淺薄認識，美國電影是「幽默」，香港電影里有的只是「滑稽」、「搞笑」而已，我無法評斷孰優孰劣。電影只是文化的一個縮影，不同風格必然有其文化大背景。另外從影片的題材上來看，西方電影的藝術片、西部片、歌舞片和動畫片也是別具一格，常常讓人感慨：啊！原來電影還可以這樣！而中國電影在發展中也形成了自己含蓄內斂的韻味與風格，在國際電影界的地位逐步上升，這不能不說是中國文化在世界文化中的地位上升。通過音樂與電影的比較，中西方文化的特點差異在我們腦海中都有了一個大概的印象，接下來，我們又探討了中西方文化的具體典型及其深層原因。在做這一部分內容時，我們查閱了相關書籍並充分利用了網路資源。一 內陸型文化和海洋型文化 ：中華民族文明起源於黃河流域，三面連陸一面靠海的地理環境使中國幾乎處於與世隔絕的狀態，從而使自身文化保持很強的穩定性和歷史延續性。這種獨特的自然環境造就了中華民族獨有的文化傳統和社會心理。誕生於半封閉大陸自然環境的儒家倫理，教誨人們重土輕遷，安貧樂道，日出而作，日落而息，使人們在久遠的傳統中沉澱了一種封閉的惰性心理和慣性思維方法，保守，缺乏開放的意識；眷戀家園故土，提倡清靜無為；安於現狀，墨守成規，因循守舊，風險意識和競爭精神不強，時間觀念和進取意識淡漠。所謂的「山性使人塞，水性使人通」，便是這個道理。「東方人並不具有西方人的忙碌和競爭意識，他們總是顯得嚴肅、執重，從不著急，時間觀念淡漠。而作為西方文化源頭的古希臘與古羅馬均處在半島之上，多面臨海，海上交通發達，航海貿易繁榮，這就使這些國家形成了打破血緣關系的開放式的社會。激烈的社會動盪、頻繁的人員往來和波濤洶涌、變幻莫測的海洋形成其開放變易的文化品格，鑄就了其靈活、開放、勇敢、進取、協作的民族精神，倡導艱苦奮斗和自強不息。所以，西方人喜歡標新立異、革故鼎新，富有冒險精神和挑戰勇氣。二.倫理型文化與功利型文化：中國傳統倫理總體取向是重義輕利。作為支配幾千年中國封建社會的主流意識形態的儒家思想，其基本主張是「重義輕利」、「見利思義」、 「以義制利」，提倡義利發生矛盾時，應當捨生取義。泛道德主義的中國傳統，用道德解釋一切，導致國民樂於言義恥於談利，重道德修養，輕外在事功的價值取向，從而導致科學在古代中國失去獨立的人格價值和社會地位。人專注於自身的內心世界，喪失對理性和自然的興趣，缺乏西方文化的理性傳統和對科學的探索熱情。道德與理性的分離，使中國傳統出現反理性的傾向，從而阻礙了中國科學精神的發育。這就是為什麼中國古代空論玄談盛行，科學衰微和商業不發達的深層原因之所在。科學技術被視為怪技奇巧，商人被貶為四民之末，從而也導致中國古代科學盡管發達卻難於付諸施用，商業發展緩慢，國家積貧積弱的嚴重後果，到了近代更成了西方殖民者侵略的對象。 西方社會是以個人為本位，所追求的價值目標是個人的權益的實現，並且認為它們是神聖不可侵犯的，是與生既來的，是天賦的。趨利避苦是個體的本能，事功求利是生存的目的，在追求自身的權利和利益的過程中不須負任何道德責任，可以不擇手段。在西方歷史上，功利主義、實用主義盛行不衰，構成了西方主流價值取向，私有財產神聖不可侵犯成了社會亘古不變的信條。在最大限度地謀求自身的利益觀念的驅動下，科學與技術在西方尤為受到重視，理性主義、科學主義在西方非常發達。在現實生活中，西方人表現出求新奇、好創新、重功利的人格精神。科學觀念和技術意識深入人心，成為構成人格的重要因素。這也導致西方社會重理性而輕情感，長於說理而短於談情，善於邏輯思維而疏於直觀感受。 三.和諧型文化與抗爭型文化：中國古代文化更多的是重人事而輕天道，重道德而輕知識。中國文化始終把謀求人與自然、社會的和諧統一作為人生理想的主旋律，反對人的獨立意志和銳意進取，培養人的群體觀念、順從誠敬意識等，尋覓的是一種中庸的、調和的處理途徑。中國文化的那種和諧觀念，同時也體現和培育了國民順從、屈服、保守與不思進取，安於現狀的精神，鮮有抗爭意識和反叛勇氣。從而也造成了謙虛謹慎、含蓄內向的柔弱的文化品格。 在天人相分的二元對立的思維模式支配下，自古以來西方社會就把自然與人區分並對立起來，自然僅是被人認識、利用、征服的對象，強調人的獨立自主和積極進取，追求自由意志和獨立精神。西方人富有直面挑戰，大膽追求、崇力尚武、急功近利，甚至不惜以片面掘進的思維方式和不擇手段的行為方式去達到目的、爭取勝利的精神品質和心理狀態，從而形成率直、豁達，具有剛硬的文化品格。
❹ 中外電影風格比較
老實說，這題目太大了，太寬泛！
❺ 英語專畢業論文寫中美電影中鬼形象文化差異可以可以用哪些理論
論僵屍與吸血鬼形象體現出的中西文化異同,你可以從這里寫
❻ 中西文化差異英語論文（3000字以上）
一、引言
文化，這兩種孕育自不同半球的文化，由於歷史、地理環境、生產制度等方面的原因，有著極大的差異，截然不同的特色。這兩種文化差異，一直備受關注。隨著全球化的到來，全世界各民族間商業交流往來的日益頻繁，了解中西方文化價值差異可以更好促進民族間經濟、文化交流與溝通，從而避免所引起的不必要的誤會和麻煩，導致的文化休克（culture shock）或交際失敗（communication failure）。而語言是文化的載體，是文化的一部分，很大程度上反映了文化。諺語作為「民族文化之明鏡」，來自於生活，更深刻地反映了民族文化特色，體現了人們的生產生活、思想觀念、文化取向，具有持久的生命力、廣泛的通俗性、生動的口語化的特點。英國著名學者培根曾說過：「The genius, wit and spirit of a nation are discovered in its proverbs.」（一個民族的天才、智慧和精神，都可以在其諺語中發現。）本文將從漢英諺語入手談談中西文化在地理環境、宗教信仰、歷史、文學傳統、民族性格、思想觀念等方面的差異。
二、 地理環境
文化是在一定的自然環境里生發出來的。人們所生存的不同環境勢必影響人
們的生活、生產方式，影響人們對客觀外界的觀察與思考。人們以通俗形象的語言來講述自己的生活體驗，描述自然現象，總結生產實踐，概括生產經驗。這些語言口口相傳，千錘百煉，成為大家喜聞樂誦的諺語。這些諺語必然反映出自然環境的不同特徵，帶有鮮明的地域文化和生態文化的色彩。
英國是個島國，四面環海，海岸線曲折多變，港灣楔入，島嶼眾多。這樣的自然環境給英國人提供了舟楫之便。人們在長期的航運漁業生活中，創造出數以百計的英語諺語，反映他們對生活及大自然的體驗和觀察。如：
There』s as good fish in the sea as ever come out of it.有了大海，還怕沒魚。
No fishing like fishing in the sea.捕魚要到大海。
Who will not be ruled by the rudder must be ruled by the rock.船離舵，要闖禍。
A dog in the morning,sailors take warning; a dog in the night is the sailors』 delight.朝虹出天際，水手心事重，夜間見彩虹，水手樂哈哈。
He goes a great voyage that goes to bottom of the sea.到達海底的人，才算做了一次遠航。
特殊的地理環境形成了特有的島國氣候。英國氣候潮濕，天氣變化大，島上晴天少，雨天多，且多陣雨，因此，英國人出門常帶把雨傘。由於英國天氣變化無常的緣故，英國人非常關心天氣，也喜歡談論天氣，並因此而產生了許多關於天氣的諺語[1](P85)：
April weather, rain and shine both together.一邊日出一邊雨，晴雨無常四月天。
An English summer, three(or two)hot days and a thunderstorm.英國的一個夏季，三（兩）個熱天一陣大雷雨。
A misty morning may have a fine day.早晨有霧露，可能是晴天。
When the wind』s in the west, the weather』s at the best.風從西方起，天氣最佳麗。
而處於另一個半球的中國則有著不同的地理自然風貌，中華文明發源於長江黃河流域，中國自古是典型的農耕社會，人們過著自給自足的農耕生活，農業是國民經濟的重要支柱，農業在歷代政府中都受到極大的重視。因此產生了許多與農業相關的諺語。
如：莊稼百樣巧，地是無價寶。
人勤地不懶，勤奮谷倉滿。
田裡無神無鬼，全靠肥料土水。
莊稼老漢不知閑，放下鋤頭拿扁擔。
農夫不種田，城裡斷炊煙。
田像一塊鐵，在於人來打。[2]（P240-241）
我國的天氣諺語，從量上、質上，以及悠久的歷史傳統上，值得稱道。如「灶煙往下埋，不久雨就來」、「春天孩兒臉，一日變三變」、「太陽顏色黃，明日大風狂」、「久晴大霧必陰，久雨大霧必晴」、「夜裡星光明，明朝仍舊晴」等等。[1]（P85）
三、 特定歷史
每個民族都以不同的方式在人類歷史的畫卷中寫著自己特定的歷史。從諺語中可以一窺歷史風雲變化。英國從十六世紀開始發展資本主義，經濟迅速發展並逐漸開始迅速向海外擴張，掠奪資本主義原料，進行資本主義的原始積累。
Shoe-maker』s wife goes bare feet.這句諺語正是出自於十六世紀資本主義新興時期，小資本家拚命發家致富，屬於手工業者的鞋匠們為積攢錢財，竟然連給妻子買鞋穿的錢都不捨得花。十七世紀起英國在東印度擴張，十八世紀中葉建立殖民統治。He came safe from the East –India, and was drowned in the Thames.他從東印度安然歸來，卻淹死於泰晤士河。[3]（P79）英國歷史上曾遭到多次其他國家的入侵。羅馬統治期間，社會生活羅馬化，拉丁語是官方、法律、商業和法律用語。丹麥人侵佔期間，丹麥語也傳入英國。1066年法國諾曼底登陸後，英國為法國所征服。 法語很長時期成為英國的官方語言，貴族、朝臣、地主和上流社會都使用法語，如當時的英國國王愛德華是完全不會說英語的國王，因此有英諺雲：Jack would be a gentleman if he could speak French.要是傑克能講法語，那他就是個紳士了。而三種語言交配混合到英語中，充實了英語語言，也帶來了許多拉丁語、法語諺語。[1]（P84）
Anger is a short madness .憤怒是短暫的瘋狂。（拉丁語）
Art is long, life is short. 藝術是無限，生命是有限的。（拉丁語）
All roads leads to Rome. 條條大路通羅馬。（法語）
He that is afraid of asking is ashamed of learning. 怕問者恥於學。（丹麥語）
而在中國的歷史長河中，秦始皇於公元前221年統一中國，從此中國進入了漫長的封建社會。廣大勞動人民深受壓迫和剝削，生活於水深火熱之中，而統治階級卻過著窮奢極欲的生活。[4]（P50）有許多漢諺就反映了這一點。
❼ 觀看電影《刮痧》，基於你對影片的理解對比分析中美文化價值觀。建議使用Hofstede的文化價值維度
1: Power Distance: The US and China are differnent. In the movie, you could see that Datong show more respects to his boss. He hit his son in front of his boss to give his boss face.
2. Uncertainty Avoidance: American has higher uncertainty avoidance, and the China has low Uncertainty avoidance. In the court, the judge doesn't accept the uncertain answers. As the judge said," show me states". Becuase Americans don't know about what is Gua Sha. They don't try to understand and listen Datong's explanations. Americans just approves the facts and prooves.
3, indivialism： American is more indivial than Chinese. In the movie, you can see the relationship between son and father, Datong and his boss. American treats the kid indivially. So the Chind Protection Association tries to protect the child from abusing. However, for Chinese, Child should live with parents.
4. masculinity: In the court, Datong said that he did Guasha for his son, but that's not true. At this part, Datong showed his masculinity. Becuase he is a man, he has to protect his father. He has to undertake all of responsibilities.
❽ 英國電影和好萊塢電影的區別要英文的，100字左右。。
The United States and Britain are two countries. Cultural background is different. Personally, I think: The United States is very avant-garde films are very open. I like American movies love is very romantic.
The United States may be more abundant imagination are hundreds of years some of the UK can not afford to have lost a gentleman temperament ... ...
In fact, I still feel the most important investment issues, and now are large Hollywood, of course, there are many British actors in it, but they regarded American films of the bar, very classic British film of not more than it, the image also put I did not, than in France and the United States should take over.
三段的翻譯如下：美國和英國是兩個國家。文化背景都不一樣。我個人認為：美國的電影很開放很前衛。我喜歡美國電影愛情也是很浪漫的。
美國可能想像力更豐富一些英國則是幾百年都丟不掉的紳士氣質……
其實我覺的最主要的還是投資問題,現在的大片都是好萊塢的,當然也有很多英國演員在裡面,但都算是美國電影了吧,英國本土拍的很經典的不算多吧,映像里還真沒有,要比應該拿法國和美國比.
❾ 從電影《喜福會》看中美文化差異，英語論文，有寫過的人嗎，希望能幫助我一下，謝謝。
這個可以給你參考一下 「joy」 or 「join」 ---- culture shock between the east and the west
The joy luck of club is the title of this novel. It is also held by Suyuan, Jingmei』s mother, to gather 4 families immigrated to America in 1949. What is the purpose of holding such a party each week? The answer is to be joyful as the name of party------ the joy luck club. 4 old ladies always play maijiang and tell funny stories in the party. Everyone here tries his or her best to pretend to be happy. However, deeply inside their hearts, all of them have their own sorrows.
What makes them unhappy? Those pains are caused not only by their lives in old China but also by the misunderstanding of their own America-born daughters. So I think the name of the book is ironic.
How come daughters do not understand their mothers? It is caused by culture shock between the east and the west.
「3 obedience and 4 virtues」 vs. Indivial freedom
In Chinese tradition, wives must follow her own parents, husbands and parents-in-low. They are not allowed to have their own idea and have no right to choose their own life. If they do not obey the rules, they will be considered to be a bad woman. This point is shown in the first part of the book------- 4 mothers』 sad lives in old China. Although they have escaped from China, they also have Chinese traditional characters.
However, in America, children have equal rights with their parents. They can choose their own life in the way of they like. It is not difficult to understand why American-born daughters cannot like the way of their mothers ecate them.
Take Waverly for example. Lindo asks her daughter to play chess and take part in a contest. After winning the game, Lindo boasts her daughter』s prize to others. Waverly can not understand this way and even hate this. She wrangles with her mother. In her view, it is her own honor. And it is none business of her mother. She asks her mother that if she wants to show off, wins the game by herself.
Mothers would like a daughter to obey their wills while daughters would like to be free and independent.
Criticism Vs. Encouragement
Chinese parents express their love to children through criticism. On the contrary, the American people show affection through encouragement.
For example, Suyuan always compares her daughter Jingmei with Waverly. She always puts out Jingmei』s bad points. These things make jingmei unhappy. She believes that her mother wants to control her and likes Waverly more than her. In order to show resistance to her mother, she decides not to play the piano that her mother tries her best to let her learn.
Suyuan wants her daughter to became a swan, which represents her hope. She left from
China for seeking a better way to live and finding a new lifestyle for women. She intent to let her daughter have been respected by others instead of being a Chinese traditional woman. However she fails. The failure is indicated at the beginning of the book. When su yuan arrived in America the immigration officials pulls her swan away from her, leaving the women fluttering her arms and with only one swan feather for a memory.
It is a tragedy to Jingmei as she really has a talent for playing the piano. She does not realize it until her mother died. The treason for this tragedy is misunderstanding between 2 generations in different cultures.
Chinese vs. English
The linguistic barrier exists between each mother and their children. The children alsys complains their mothers』 bad English mixed with Chinese words. They think their mothers are stupid while mothers think children know nothing. It shows that there is lack of communication between 2 generations.
All of these show culture shock between the east and the west.
At the end of the book, this situation is changed. Jingmei can understand her mother』s love; Lindo accepts Waverly』s husband who is a foreigner that she dislikes; Lena approves her value to her American husband after her mother』s advice… daughters starts to understand their mothers and the west can understand the east.
Now I realize another meaning of the joy luck club. 「Joy」 stands for 「join」 It is a link between the 2 generations. In the party daughters and mothers have meals and communicate together. It is also the link between the east and the west. Mothers show Chinese dishes here and play Chinese traditional game---- maijiang. And all different colors friends gather here. It signs conciliatory of these 2 cultures.
❿ 中英動作電影之對比 論文1200字
第一，可以體現作者的總體思路。提綱是由序碼和文字組成的一種邏輯圖表，是幫助作者考慮文章全篇邏輯構成的寫作設計圖。其優點在於，使作者易於掌握論文結構的全局，層次清楚，重點明確，簡明扼要，一目瞭然。[2]
第二，有利於論文前後呼應。有一個提綱，可以幫助我們樹立全局觀念，從整體出發，在檢驗每一個部分所佔的地位、所起的作用，相互間是否有邏輯聯系，每部分所佔的篇幅與其在全局中的地位和作用是否相稱，各個部分之間的比例是否恰當和諧，每一字、每一句、每一段、每一部分是否都為全局所需要，是否都絲絲入扣、相互配合，成為整體的有機組成部分，都能為展開論題服務。經過這樣的考慮和編寫，論文的結構才能統一而完整，很好地為表達論文的內容服務。
第三，有利於及時調整，避免大返工。在畢業論文的研究和寫作過程中，作者的思維活動是非常活躍的，一些不起眼的材料，從表面看來不相關的材料，經過熟悉和深思，常常會產生新的聯想或新的觀點，如果不認真編寫提綱，動起筆來就會被這種現象所干擾，不得不停下筆來重新思考，甚至推翻已寫的從頭來過;這樣，不僅增加了工作量，也會極大地影響寫作情緒。畢業論文提綱猶如工程的藍圖，只要動筆前把提綱考慮得周到嚴謹，多花點時間和力氣，搞得扎實一些，就能形成一個層次清楚、邏輯嚴密的論文框架，從而避免許多不必要的返工。另外，初寫論文的學生，如果把自己的思路先寫成提綱，再去請教他人，人家一看能懂，較易提出一些修改補充的意見，便於自己得到有效的指導。