❶ 英文電影發展史
這個也太有難度了吧，非得專業人士不行啊，建議你還是直接娶你老師那邊索要得了，呵呵，大不了請吃頓飯完事！
❷ 求一篇電影發展史的作文，大學的，150字左右，要英文的急求！
The history of film spans over 100 years, from the latter part of the 19th century to the present day. Motion pictures developed graally from a carnival novelty to one of the most important tools of communication and entertainment, and mass media in the 20th century and into the 21st century. Most films before 1930 were silent. Motion picture films have substantially affected the arts, technology, and politics.
The cinema was invented ring the 1890s, ring what is now called the instrial revolution. It was considered a cheaper, simpler way to provide entertainment to the masses. Movies would become the most popular visual art form of the late Victorian age. It was simpler because of the fact that before the cinema people would have to travel long distances to see major dioramas or amusement parks. With the advent of the cinema this changed. During the first decade of the cinema's existence, inventors worked to improve the machines for making and showing films. The cinema is a complicated medium, and before it could be invented, several technological requirements had to be met
❸ 美國電影的發展史概述 簡短一點 700字左右
1889年，美國發明家愛迪生的實驗室發明了活動電影攝影機，其後又發明了電影放映機，並於1893年建立了世界上第一個電影攝影棚。1894年4月，愛迪生用他的電影放映設備——"電影視鏡"開始了商業性放映活動，這是美國電影史的開端。
默片時代，電影在美國得到迅速的發展。1906年，全美已有1000家"鎳幣影院"(因入場券為5美分鎳幣而得名)。1909年，鎳幣影院已達到1萬家。為美國早期電影奠定藝術基礎的藝術家主要有：鮑特、格里菲斯和卓別林。
在早期美國電影的發展中，由愛迪生控制的"電影專利公司"以紐約為基地一度壟斷了電影業的經營。到1915年左右，這一壟斷終於被打破，美國電影的生產基地移向今天已經聞名世界的好萊塢。在這里，美國電影史上聞名遐邇的八大公司逐漸發展起來，並建立起以"明星制""大製片廠制"和"類型片"為核心的好萊塢 製片體制，它們也被稱為好萊塢的"三大法寶。"
1927年，美國華納兄弟公司推出世界上第一部有聲故事片《爵士歌王》，電影進入有聲時代。從30年代到40年代中期，美國電影一直處於黃金時代。影片產量穩步上升，美國其他地方以至世界各地的許多電影藝術家紛紛來到好萊塢謀求發展。 隨著有聲電影的出現，除了早期的喜劇片、西部片、鬧劇片外，歌舞片、強盜片、偵探片、恐怖片等各種類型片也迅速發展起來。類型電影是美國電影中的一種特殊現象，它以公式化的情節、類型化的人物和環境長期吸引著觀眾。如出現最早的西部片，它以美國西部開發的歷史為背景，在西部獨特的環境中描繪代表"野蠻"的印第安人、強盜、歹徒和代表文明的西部開發者、邊疆居民、騎警之間的斗爭，並一再塑造槍匹馬、獨往獨來的牛仔形象，一直受到美國觀眾的歡迎。
40年代末至50年代中期，由於電視業的迅速興起和政府的反托拉斯法案的實施等因素，美國電影業經受著一系列的打擊和挑戰。直到60年代末，"美國新電影"的出現和其後"新好萊塢"的興起，才使美國電影重整旗鼓。從80年代中期直到今天，美國電影逐漸重新稱霸世界影壇，並利用雄厚的資金，將高科技帶入電影製片，為已有百年歷史的電影帶來了一種新的語言。
❹ 徵求一篇關於我國電影發展史的英文稿
欣逢中國電影百年華誕，是我們這代人的幸運。值此承前啟後的時光節點，我們很想做些實事，在下一個百年為拓展中國電影史研究盡綿薄之力。
目前我們能讀到的最早的中國電影史著述有兩種，
即1934年版《中國電影年鑒》刊載的谷劍塵著《中國電影發達史》和1936年版《近代中國藝術發展史》收入的鄭君里著《現代中國電影史略》。兩位著者在這一領域有篳路藍縷之功，其目力筆力所及，止於中國電影初創時期的影事軼聞。
新中國成立後，在電影史方面產生重要影響的首推程季華主編兩卷本《中國電影發展史》。該書「十年磨一劍」，於1950年開始醞釀，從全國各地搜尋有關中國電影的資料、報刊、說明書、劇照和海報，1958年正式立項投入寫作，1962年修改定稿；有關領導為慎重起見，決定以「初稿」方式出版，1963年首次開印4200冊銷售一空。三位編著者當初面對中國電影史研究這片「尚未開墾的處女地」，四處搜集積微成著，整合資源殊為可觀——正文里片名索引達1336部(次)，影人人名索引為985人（次），刊發圖片、劇照819幅；附錄里提供了1905年至1949年間出品的國產片目錄，程季華稱這部書稿為「第一次的、極為初步的關於中國電影歷史情況的一份調查報告」。盡管從今天的眼光來看，《中國電影發展史》還存在不少偏頗，但讓編著者引以為榮的是，在史料搜集這一點上贏得了海內外專業人士的認可，如1986年版《劍橋中國史·中國民國史》強調「這部兩卷著作至今仍是研究中國電影的內容包羅最廣的著作」。
On the occasion of the founding of the China Film century, our generation is lucky. On the occasion of the link between past and future nodes time, we want to do practical things in the next 100 years for China to expand study of the history of film to make modest. At present, we can read the earliest Chinese writing the history of film, there are two, that is, the 1934 edition of "China Film Year Book," published in the sword-st "the history of Chinese film developed" and the 1936 edition of "Modern Chinese History of the development of the arts," the income of Zheng Junli "Modern Chinese History of cinema."The two authors in this field have the arous work and vision of its total power as far as I can, beyond the start-up period of Chinese film about the impact of anecdotal things.
After new China was founded in film history have a major impact on most of the quarter-China editor-in-chief of the two-volume "History of the development of Chinese film." The book, "10-year Sword", began in 1950, from all over the country to search for information on China's film, newspapers, periodicals, brochures, posters and stills, officially approved in 1958 into writing, to amend the final version in 1962; about the leadership cautious for the Purposes, the decision to "first draft" of the press, opened for the first time in 1963 and India 4200 sold out.Bianzhu three who had the face of China's film study of the history of this "has not yet opened up the virgin land", to gather around the plot into a micro-book, for the integration of resources is significant - the body of the index reached title in 1336 (), film names index 985 to 000 (times), published photos, stills 819; provided in the appendix from 1905 to 1949 between the films proced catalog-quarter of China said that this manuscript as "the first time, very preliminary film on the history of China A survey report. "Although today's point of view, "the development of Chinese film history" there are still a lot of bias, but Bianzhu so proud of those who, in collecting historical data on this point at home and abroad to win professional recognition, such as the 1986 version of the "Cambridge Chinese History of Chinese history in "stress" of the two volumes of this book is still the study of Chinese film the widest coverage for the contents of the book. "
❺ 幫忙找電影發展史的英語版本，萬分感謝
History of Motion Pictures
I INTRODUCTION
History of Motion Pictures, historical development of the visual medium known as motion pictures, film, cinema, or the movies. This article covers the medium』s history as a technology, as a business, as an art form, and as a means of delivering entertainment and information to audiences in theaters and at home. It discusses major filmmakers and their films, principal fiction and nonfiction genres, and film instries in the United States and throughout the world. For more information on the technical aspects involved in creating a film, see Motion Picture.
II ORIGINS
In the early 19th century scientists took note of a visual phenomenon: A sequence of indivial still pictures, when set in motion, can give the illusion of movement. These scientists attributed this experience to what they called persistence of vision, whereby the eye retains a visual image for a fraction of a second after the source has been removed. The eye』s retention of a visual image, now known as positive afterimage, has long been considered a founding principle of motion pictures, even though its relationship to the perception of motion is still not well understood.
A Early Experiments
The persistence of vision concept stimulated experimentation with motion-picture devices throughout the 19th century. Among the first such devices was a slotted disk with a sequence of drawings around its perimeter. When a person spun the disk in front of a mirror and looked through the slots, the drawings appeared to move. The zoetrope, a device developed in the 1830s, was a hollow drum with a strip of pictures around its inner surface. When spun, it proced the same effect. In the 1870s French inventor Émile Reynaud improved on this idea by placing mirrors at the center of the drum. A few years later he developed a projecting version, using a reflector and a lens to enlarge the moving images. In 1892 he began holding public screenings in Paris at his Théâtre Optique, with hundreds of drawings on a reel that he wound through his apparatus to construct moving images that continued for 15 minutes.
Inventors began to conceive of combining the principles of these moving-image devices with the photographic recording of actual movement soon after the development of still photography in the 1830s. The most famous experiment occurred in the 1870s in California, where railroad tycoon Leland Stanford hired British photographer Eadweard Muybridge to settle a bet on whether a galloping horse ever had all four feet off the ground. Muybridge set up 12 cameras along a racetrack and spread threads across the track with a contact to each camera』s shutter. Moving along the track, the horse broke the threads and caused a sequence of photographs to be taken. The photos showed the horse with all four feet off the ground, and Muybridge went on a lecture tour showing his photographs on a moving-image device he called the zoopraxiscope.
Muybridge』s endeavors stimulated French scientist Étienne-Jules Marey to devise equipment for recording and analyzing animal and human movement. He built what he called a chronophotographic camera that could take multiple images superimposed on one another. His work was aided in turn by developments in photographic materials. In 1885 American inventor George Eastman introced sensitized paper roll 「film」 in place of the indivial glass plates then in use. In 1889 Eastman replaced the paper roll with celluloid, a synthetic plastic material coated with a gelatin emulsion.
B Thomas Alva Edison and William K. L. Dickson
Legendary American inventor Thomas Alva Edison drew upon the work of Muybridge, Marey, and Eastman when he turned his attention to motion pictures in the late 1880s. In his laboratories in West Orange, New Jersey, Edison assigned to a British employee, William K. L. Dickson, the task of constructing a machine for recording actual movement on film and another machine for viewing the resulting images. By 1891 Dickson had proced a motion-picture camera, called the Kinetograph, and a viewing machine, bbed the Kinetoscope.
The Kinetograph was operated by an electric motor that moved the celluloid film roll past the camera lens. Motor-driven cameras, which were bulky and stationary, were soon replaced by movable hand-cranked cameras. Dickson』s key contribution was a sprocket mechanism linked to the camera』s shutter, which momentarily stopped the film roll for each exposure. These separate still photographic images came to be called frames. Early cameras used a number of different speeds for exposing frames, but by the advent of sound film in the late 1920s the standard had become 24 frames per second.
In early 1893 Edison constructed a motion-picture studio on his laboratory grounds, bbed the Black Maria by his staff who thought it resembled police patrol wagons known by that nickname. On May 9, 1893, he held the first public exhibition of films shot using the Kinetograph in the Black Maria. But only one person at a time could use his viewing machine, the Kinetoscope. This boxlike structure contained a motor-and-shutter mechanism similar to the camera』s. It ran a loop of positive film past an electric light source, illuminating a tiny image, which the viewer observed through a small window. Kinetoscope viewing parlors containing many machines for indivial viewing began to open in cities in 1894. Edison and Dickson apparently gave little thought to a single machine that could project moving images to a large audience, something Reynaud had achieved in his Théâtre Optique. Reynaud, however, had displayed drawings rather than images photographed by a motion-picture camera.
C The Lumière Brothers
In France, the brothers Auguste and Louis Lumière, who ran a factory in Lyons that manufactured photographic equipment, sought to improve on Edison』s accomplishment. By 1895 they developed a lightweight, hand-held camera that used a claw mechanism to advance the film roll. They named it the Cinématographe, and they soon discovered that it could also be used to show large images on a screen, when linked with projecting equipment. Throughout 1895 they shot films and projected them for select groups. Their first screening for the general public was held in Paris in December 1895.
Elsewhere other inventors were also busy. In Germany, the brothers Emil and Max Skladanowsky devised an apparatus and projected films in Berlin in November 1895. In Britain, a machine developed by Birt Acres and Robert W. Paul was used to project films in London in January 1896. In the United States, a projector called the Vitascope was constructed around the same time by Charles Francis Jenkins and Thomas Armat. Armat then entered into a commercial alliance with Edison to manufacture the Vitascope, and the device exhibited projected motion pictures in New York City in April 1896.
The Lumière brothers held a unique place among all these simultaneous efforts, since they were innovative filmmakers as well as inventors and manufacturers. The many films they made ring 1895 and 1896, though very short, are considered pivotal in the history of motion pictures. Arroseur et arrosé (Waterer and Watered, 1896), a brief comedy drawn from a newspaper cartoon, shows a gardener getting drenched with a hose as the result of a boy』s prank. La sortie de l』usine Lumière à Lyon (Workers Leaving the Lumiere Factory, 1895) and Arrivée d』un train en gare (Arrival of a Train at La Ciotat, 1896), which shows a train coming to a station and passengers getting off, were among the so-called actuality films—films that depicted actual events rather than a story told by actors—for which the Lumières became noted.
III ONE-REELERS
During the decade following the advent of projected motion pictures, films were shown as part of vaudeville or variety programs, at carnivals and fairgrounds, in lecture halls and churches, and graally in spaces converted for the exclusive exhibition of movies. Most films ran no longer than 10 to 12 minutes, which reflected the amount of film that could be wound on a standard reel for projection (hence the term one-reelers). Many were comedies or actualities, following the Lumière brothers』 example. Their purpose was spectacle—to show something astounding, unusual, titillating, or perhaps newsworthy. But filmmakers also struck out in new directions, especially toward fantasy and narrative.
French magician and filmmaker Georges Méliès was the outstanding creator of fantasy films in early cinema. Méliès exploited the new medium to enhance his magic acts through techniques such as stop-motion photography—interrupting the camera』s action and moving or substituting people and objects—so that, for example, a woman appeared to turn into a skeleton. He created elaborate backdrops with multiple scenes and costume changes for these so-called trick films that were widely emulated by other filmmakers. Of the hundreds of works he made between 1896 and 1912, perhaps the best-known is Le voyage dans la lune (A Trip to the Moon, 1902), which in one scene features the animated human face of the moon being struck in the eye by a rocket.
In the United States, a former projectionist and traveling exhibitor, Edwin S. Porter, took charge of motion-picture proction at Edison』s company in 1901 and began making longer films that told a story. As with Méliès』s films, these required multiple shots that could be edited into a narrative sequence. Porter』s most notable film—and the most famous work of early cinema—was The Great Train Robbery (1903), which is credited with establishing movies as a commercial entertainment medium. With its rapid shifts of location, including action on a moving train, this film offered spectators a breadth and immediacy of vision that became hallmarks of the cinema experience.
Spurred by The Great Train Robbery and subsequent story films, film exhibition greatly expanded in the United States around 1905. One phenomenon was the proliferation of nickelodeon theaters, converted storefronts in instrial cities that charged 5 cents for admission and attracted working-class audiences. Demand from these theaters increased the volume of film proction and the profits for procers, but it also brought forth criticism from reformers concerning unsanitary or unsafe conditions in theaters and immoral subject matter in films. In 1908 Edison took the lead in establishing the Motion Picture Patents Company (MPPC), a consortium of procers with common goals: controlling proction and distribution so as to eliminate cheap theaters, raising admission prices, cooperating with censorship bodies, and preventing film stock from getting into the hands of nonmember procers. However, the independent procers excluded from the MPPC continued to obtain materials and make the most popular films. They also led the way toward multireel, feature-length films. By 1915 the MPPC was under attack by the U.S. government as an illegal monopoly (although an ineffectual one), and the independents were combining into the companies that would dominate American filmmaking for decades to come.
IV SILENT MOVIES
With a few experimental exceptions, motion pictures from their earliest days until the late 1920s lacked synchronous sound (sound that matches the action). But silent movies were rarely silent. Early films almost always were projected with piano or organ accompaniment, and sometimes also with a narrator or live actors behind the screen. As feature-length films (four reels, with a running time of 40 to 50 minutes or more) became the norm in the 1910s, live orchestras began to play in larger theaters, frequently using music written specifically for the film.
Until World War I (1914-1918) European filmmakers dominated the world film market. France was considered the leading film-procing country, though Italy, Denmark, and other countries also played a significant role. However, the war, fought on European soil, disrupted commercial filmmaking there. With a sudden drop in European film exports, some regions, such as Latin America, experienced a brief surge in film proction. But U.S. companies soon took over markets overseas, using the same tactics of high-volume proction and lower prices that the Europeans had. By the 1920s some three-quarters of films screened around the world came from the United States.
A American Silent Movies
Even before the war, the United States had made its mark on the world filmmaking scene with epics and comedies. Moreover, U.S. moviemakers had begun to congregate in southern California in the Los Angeles suburb of Hollywood (see The Move to Hollywood, below), creating a film community apart from older urban centers of politics and the arts, and a magical new symbol for popular entertainment and glamour.
A1 D. W. Griffith
The work of D. W. Griffith exemplifies the transformation of motion pictures from the early days of one-reelers to an era of Hollywood』s worldwide dominance. Starting out as an actor in films directed by Edwin S. Porter, Griffith in 1908 became a director at the American Mutoscope and Biograph Company in New York City. He was initially responsible for turning out two one-reel films a week, and between 1908 and 1913 he directed nearly 500 films. Amidst this breakneck schele, he and his co-workers developed many of the cinema』s basic storytelling conventions: moving the camera close to the action, using many separate shots, and editing the shots to cut back and forth among different actions. All these techniques served to shape a narrative, rather than present a spectacle as earlier films had tended to do. Griffith also nurtured performers such as Mary Pickford and Lillian Gish and emphasized an intimate, restrained style of acting suitable for camera close-ups.
Leaving Biograph in 1913 to make full-length features, Griffith planned a historical epic of the American Civil War (1861-1865). The Birth of a Nation (1915), three hours in length, stunned audiences with its dazzling spectacle of a still-recent event and established motion pictures as an art form for cultured spectators. Yet the film』s racist presumptions—specifically, its defense of white supremacy to protect racial purity—was controversial in its own time and remains repugnant decades later. Griffith made another epic, Intolerance (1916), which intertwined four stories about victims of prejudice, and continued to work as an independent filmmaker into the 1920s. Eventually, financial pressures forced him to become a director at a Hollywood studio, and he made his last film in 1931.
字數限制，沒辦法全發給你，如需要請留言。
❻ 用英文介紹電影由有聲到無聲發展的過程
從默片到有聲電影
所謂的默片在其鼎盛時代也常常有音樂或者聲效相伴，1926年8月，由約翰.巴利摩爾主演的《唐璜》在紐約的華納劇院首映，這次首映採用了Vitaphone聲音系統，以每秒331/3轉唱片來使電影聲畫同步。新的發明很快就跟來了，1927年10月華納公司的《爵士歌王》敲響了默片的喪鍾。 到1930年為止，只有5%的好萊塢的影片還是默片，華納兄弟採用了更方便的由Western Electric開發的膠片攜載聲音的技術，這一技術需要採用每秒24格的放映速度，從而誕生了這一今天仍然採用的標准。這一變化徹底改變了電影膠片的形態。
35mm默片的滿畫面大致是正方形的，比例是1.33:1 (或4:3，象電視畫面)，1927年最早的聲音印在膠片上時是1.21:1
1932年，製片商和放映商聯合建立了膠片上聲音軌跡寬度的標准，從而創造了新的1.37:1比例。隨著這一整個業界技術方針的確立，電影中的對白、歌舞急劇增加.在30年代，電影觀眾增加了一倍。 電影工業繼續尋找新的發展，很快，就開始經歷彩色電影，開始了一個新的時代。
From silent to sound moviesThe so-called silent in its heyday there is often accompanied by music or sound effects, in 1926 August, by John Barrymore." Don Juan" starring Warner theater premiere in New York, the premiere of the Vitaphone sound system, with every second 331 / 3 rpm records to make the film synchronized sound. The new invention was soon to come, in 1927 October Warner's" the jazz singer" sounded the death knell of the silent. Until 1930, only 5% of the Hollywood videos or films, Warner Brothers used the more convenient by Western Electric development of the film carrying voice technology, this technology requires the use of the projection speed at 24 frames per second, resulting in the birth of this remains today the standard. This change has revolutionized the film morphology.35mm silent movie full screen is roughly square, the proportion is 1.33 : 1 ( or 4: 3, like a television ), 1927 the earliest sound on film is 1.21: 1In 1932, procers and exhibitors to jointly establish a film sound track width standard, thus creating a new 1.37 : 1 scale. With this throughout the technology instry policy establishment, movies, dance has increased dramatically. In the 30's, movie goers doubled. The film instry continue to seek new development, quickly, began to experience a color film, the start of a new era.
英文是自己用網路翻譯的，可能有很多語法錯誤。希望對樓主有幫助1
❼ 英語介紹 香港電影發展史
VERY HARD```
❽ 關於美國電影發展史
美國電影發展史 分為早期美國無聲電影 ，早期有聲電影 1、早期電影導演格里菲斯、T.H．英斯和塞納特對美國早期電影的發展作出了貢獻。C.卓別林於1914年拍攝了第一部影片《謀生》，立即吸引了全世界觀眾。1919年，卓別林、D.范朋克、壁克馥3位著名演員和格里菲斯一道創辦了聯美公司，以發行他們獨立製作的影片。20年代，美國影片生產的結構從以導演為中心逐步轉化為以製片人為中心的體制。「製片人中心」模式形成了20年代的「明星制度」，各大公司均擁有一批明星。嚴格的審查制度使美國無聲電影的主要成就表現在喜劇片、西部片和歷史片3個方面。喜劇片的佳作首推卓別林的《尋子遇仙記》(1921)、《淘金記》(1925)和《馬戲團》(1928)，基登的《航海者》(1924)和《將軍》(1926)，H.勞埃德的《大學新生》(1925)；西部片主要有《篷車》(1923)、《鐵騎》(1924)和《小馬快郵》(1925)等；歷史片有C.B.地密爾的《十誡》(1923)和《萬王之王》(1927)，格里菲斯的《暴風雨中的孤兒們》(1922)，R.英格蘭姆的《啟示錄四騎士》(1921)等。 第一次世界大戰後，不少歐洲導演陸續來到好萊塢，他們的才能不同程度地受到了製片公司的抑制和扼殺。他們和美國導演一道，拍攝出無聲電影的最後一批重要影片，如F.鮑沙其的《七重天》(1927)、C.勃朗的《肉與魔》(1927)、H.金的《史泰拉恨史》(1925)和K.維多的《大檢閱》(1925)等。R.J.弗拉哈迪的《北方的納努克》(1922)則為紀錄電影奠定了基礎。 有聲電影：1926年，華納兄弟影業公司拍攝了用唱片來配唱的由J.巴里摩爾主演的歌劇片《唐璜》(A.克羅斯蘭導演)。 1927年10月6日又首映了由A.克羅斯蘭導演、A.喬生主演的有歌唱、對白、聲響的《爵士歌手》，這是世界上第一部有聲故事片。 1928年7月6日華納公司又推出了「百分之百的有聲片」《紐約之光》。自此，有聲電影全面推開。至1930年，除卓別林繼續拍攝了幾部無聲片外，全部故事片均為有聲片。 在導演中間最先適應有聲片製作並拍攝出富於創造性影片的有：R.馬莫里安的《喝彩》(1929)和使用了主觀鏡頭的《化身博士》(1932)，L.邁爾斯東的《西線無戰事》(1930)和《頭版新聞》(1931)、劉別謙的《愛情的檢閱》(1929)和《微笑的中尉》(1931)，K.維多的《哈利路亞》(1930)。卓別林也拍攝了他的第一部有聲片《城市之光》(1931)。 美國電影黃金時代 [ 轉自鐵血社區 http://bbs.tiexue.net/ ]美國電影中的特殊現象——類型影片，在30年代獲得了充分的發展。最初的類型片是無聲電影時代的喜劇片、鬧劇片和西部片，到30年代初期，歌舞片、盜匪片、偵探片、恐怖片等類型相繼出現並得到繁榮發展。類型電影是美國經濟、社會和文化需要的直接產物，它們中成為經典作品的有歌舞片《四十二街》 (1933)、《掘金女郎》(1933)、《大禮帽》(1935)、《風月無邊》 (1936)和《齊格飛大歌舞》(1936)；盜匪片《小愷撒》(1931)、《公敵》 (1931)、《疤面人》(1932)和《嚇呆了的森林》(1936)；恐怖片《吸血鬼》(1931)和《弗蘭肯斯坦》(1931)等。
❾ 中國電影發展史的英文介紹
An introction of the history of Chinese films in English.
中國電影發展史的英文介紹
❿ 美國電影史英文版
英譯：For a long time, the United States only to the film as a means of entertainment to Hollywood as a story and fantasy proction factories, so first of all note that the movie business value. However, after 70 years, the American film has been great development in academic research. In 1967, both in Washington and Los Angeles have established the American Film Institute (AFI). Film Archive, throughout the United States, including important ones are the New York Museum of Modern Art, Rochester's Eastman Film Archive, the Library of Congress, Washington, Berkeley Pacific Film Archive. 8 large film company has disintegrated or converting 60 years after the
A large number of film and archives donated to the museum and the University Film Studies Center, the study of national film traditions, protect their heritage plays a significant role in the film.
By 1900, Hollywood has a post office, a newspaper, a hotel and two markets, its residents number 500. 100,000 population in Los Angeles in the city, 11 kilometers east. In Hollywood and Los Angeles have only a single-track tram. 1902 Hollywood hotel, now known as the first part of the opening. In 1903, here upgraded to the city's 177 voting residents of the right to vote unanimously endorsed by the "Hollywood," named after whom. That year under the two commands are: In addition to pharmacies in other stores outside the prohibition, and no amount of driving in the streets more than 200 cattle. 1904
A new so-called Hollywood Avenue streetcar opened, so that between the Hollywood and Los Angeles round-trip time significantly shortened. In 1910, Hollywood residents voted to join the Los Angeles. The reason is so that they can be in Los Angeles drinking water and access to adequate drainage facilities.
In 1907, director Francis Burgess led his crew arrived in Los Angeles, filming "Count of Monte Cristo." They found that, where beautiful natural scenery, plenty of light and suitable climate is the natural place for filming. The early 1910s, director David Griffith Biograph company was sent to the West Coast to make a film, he took Lillian Gish, Mary-bi g-fu and other actors came to Los Angeles. They were then looking for a new site, so proceed north, came a warm small town, and that is Hollywood. Biograph company found here in good condition
So back to New York before they filmed several movies. Graally many people in the instry know that invaluable piece of land, to the increasing number of Hollywood movie crew, the U.S. film instry moved to Hollywood's big movement started, Hollywood movies have to be forward.
October 1911, a group from New Jersey to film-makers on the ground that under the leadership of the photographer came to a small Inn called Bu Lang, they will rent the inn converted into a studio look. In this way, they created Hollywood's first film studio - Ernest Pictures.
Since then, many film companies settled in Hollywood, the famous film companies: MGM (Metro Goldwyn Mayer, called MGM), Paramount Pictures (Paramount Pictures, Inc.), Twentieth Century Fox (20th Century Fox), Warner Bros. (Warner Brothers), RKO (Radio Keith Orpheum, referred to as RKO), Universal (Universal), United Artists Corporation (United Artists), Columbia Pictures (Columbia Pictures).
【中文】
關於美國電影
長期以來，美國只把電影看作是娛樂手段，把好萊塢當成生產故事和幻想的工廠，因此首先注意影片的商業價值。但是，70年代前後，美國電影學術研究有了很大的發展。1967年，在華盛頓和洛杉磯兩地成立了美國電影研究院（AFI）。電影資料館遍布全美，其中重要的有紐約現代藝術博物館、羅切斯特的伊斯曼電影數據館、華盛頓國會圖書館、伯克利太平洋電影資料館等。8大影片公司於60年代先後解體或轉產之後，影片和檔案大量捐贈給上述資料館和各大學的電影研究中心，對研究本國電影傳統、保護本國電影文物起著很大作用。
二十世紀的好萊塢：到1900年，好萊塢已經有一間郵局、一張報紙、一座旅館和兩個市場，其居民數為500人。10萬人口的洛杉磯位於市東11公里處。在好萊塢和洛杉磯間只有一條單軌的有軌電車。1902年，今天著名的好萊塢酒店的第一部分開業。1903年，此地升格為市，參加投票的177位有選舉權的居民一致贊同以「好萊塢」為之命名。當年下的兩條命令是：除葯店外其他商店禁酒，及不準在街上驅趕數量多於200的牛群。1904年，一條新的被稱為好萊塢大街的有軌電車開業，使好萊塢與洛杉磯間的往返時間大大縮短。1910年，好萊塢的居民投票決定加入洛杉磯。原因是這樣他們可以通過洛杉磯取得足夠的飲水和獲得排水設施。
1907年，導演弗朗西斯·伯格斯帶領他的攝制組來到洛杉磯，拍攝《基督山伯爵》。他們發現，這里明媚的自然風光、充足的光線和適宜的氣候是拍攝電影的天然場所。1910年代初，導演大衛·格里菲斯被Biograph公司派到西海岸來拍電影，他帶著麗蓮·吉許、瑪麗·璧克馥等演員來到了洛杉磯。他們後來想尋找一塊新的地盤，於是向北出發，來到了一個熱情的小鎮，那就是好萊塢。Biograph公司發現此地條件不錯，於是在回紐約前又陸續拍了好幾部電影。漸漸許多業內人士都知道了這塊寶地，到好萊塢的電影劇組越來越多，美國電影業移師好萊塢的大轉移開始，好萊塢向成為電影之都邁進。
1911年10月，一批從新澤西來的電影工作者在當地以為攝影師的帶領下，來到一家叫布朗杜的小客棧，他們將租到的客棧改裝成一家電影公司的樣子。這樣，他們創建了好萊塢的第一家電影製片廠——內斯特影片公司。
從那以後，許多電影公司在好萊塢落戶，著名的電影公司有：米高梅電影公司（Metro Goldwyn Mayer，簡稱MGM）、派拉蒙影業公司（Paramount Pictures, Inc.）、二十世紀福克斯公司（20th Century Fox）、華納兄弟公司（Warner Brothers）、雷電華公司（Radio Keith Orpheum，簡稱RKO）、環球公司（Universal）、聯美公司（United Artists）、哥倫比亞影業公司（Columbia Pictures）。