美國電影歷史英文介紹ppt模板

① 我想要一個關於美國發展歷史的英文介紹，謝謝了，最好要中英對照！急啊！多謝！！

美國 [United States]正式名稱美利堅合眾國。

北美洲聯邦共和國。領土包括美洲大陸中緯度地區48個連成一片的州、北美洲西北端的阿拉斯加州，以及太平洋中部的島州夏威夷。面積：(包括五大湖)9,529,063平方千米。人口：約286,067,000(2001)。首都：華盛頓特區。人口包括白人、非洲裔美國人、西班牙裔美國人、亞洲人、太平洋島民、美洲印第安人(美洲土著)、愛斯基摩人及阿留申人。語言：英語(主要語言)、西班牙語。宗教：新教、天主教、猶太教和伊斯蘭教。貨幣：美元。地形由山脈、平原、低地和沙漠構成。山脈包括阿巴拉契亞山脈、歐扎克山、落基山脈、喀斯喀特山脈和內華達山脈。最低點是加利福尼亞州的死谷。最高點是阿拉斯加山脈的麥金利山，而在美國本土，最高點則是惠特尼山。主要河流是密西西比河系、科羅拉多河、哥倫比亞河和格蘭德河。五大湖、大鹽湖和奧基喬比湖為幾個最大的湖。美國是世界某些礦產的主要生產國，包括銅、銀、鋅、金、煤、石油和天然氣；也是食品的主要輸出國。製造業包括鋼鐵產品、化學製品、電子產品和紡織品。其他重要行業為旅遊業、奶製品業、畜牧業、漁業和木材加工業。美國是兩院制共和國。總統為國家元首和政府首腦。數千年以前已有一些美洲印第安人定居在這塊領土，他們可能是來自亞洲。16世紀歐洲人來此探險和定居，開始取代印第安人。第一個歐洲人永久居民點是由西班牙人於1565年在佛羅里達州建立的聖奧古斯丁，後來英國人在弗吉尼亞州詹姆斯敦(1607)、馬薩諸塞州普里茅斯(1620)、馬里蘭州(1634)和賓夕法尼亞州(1681)建立定居點。在卡羅來納被授予英國貴族一年後，1664年英國人從荷蘭人手中奪走紐約、新澤西和德拉瓦。英國人於1763年擊敗法國人(參閱法英北美殖民地爭奪戰[French and Indian War])，在政治上控制了13個殖民地。英國殖民政策引起的政治動亂，以美國獨立戰爭(1775～1783)和《獨立宣言》(1776)而告結束。美國在《邦聯條例》(1781)下首次組織起來，終於通過憲法(1787)成為聯邦共和國。隨後確認了西至密西西比河的美國疆界，但並不包括西班牙的屬地佛羅里達。通過1803年的路易斯安那購地，美國從法國人手中購得的土地使美國領土幾乎增加一倍。美國在1812年戰爭中與英國開戰，1819年從西班牙人手中奪得佛羅里達。1830年通過立法手段將美洲印第安人遷移到密西西比河以西的土地。19世紀中葉開始向西部擴張，特別是1848年在加利福尼亞州發現金礦以後(參閱淘金熱[gold rush])。美國在墨西哥戰爭(1846～1848)中取得的勝利，使後來的7個州(包括加利福尼亞和得克薩斯)的部分或全部領土並入美國。1846年美國與英國簽訂條約確立其西北部疆界，在1853年加茲登購地中又獲得亞利桑那州南部的土地。後來南方蓄奴的種植園經濟和北方自由的工業與農業經濟之間存在的矛盾沖突使美國分裂，爆發了南北戰爭(1861～1865，參閱美國南北戰爭[American Civil War])。第十三條憲法修正案廢除了奴隸制。重建時期(1865～1877)以後，美國經歷了快速發展、都市化、工業開發和歐洲移民。1877年美國准許把印第安人保留地的土地分給個別部落成員，致使大片土地落入白人手中。到19世紀末，美國的外貿得到發展並獲得海外領土，包括阿拉斯加、中途島、夏威夷群島、菲律賓群島、波多黎各、關島、威克島、美屬薩摩亞、巴拿馬運河區和維爾京群島。1917～1918年美國參加了第一次世界大戰。1920年給予婦女選舉權；1924年給予美洲印第安人公民權。1929年的股市崩潰導致大蕭條。日本人偷襲珍珠港(1941-12-07)之後美國加入第二次世界大戰。美國在日本廣島投下第一顆原子彈(1945-08-06)，在長崎投下第二顆原子彈(1945-08-09)，導致這場戰爭結束，並使美國成為西方世界的領袖。美國參與了歐洲和日本的戰後重建工作，但卻陷入與蘇聯長達40年的冷戰對抗。美國參加了朝鮮戰爭。1952年給予波多黎各自治地位。1954年宣布在美國學校中實行的種族隔離違反了美國憲法。1959年阿拉斯加和夏威夷成為美國的兩個州。1964年國會通過《民權法》，並授權全面干預越南戰爭。20世紀60年代中至末期美國國內各地發生騷亂，包括種族暴亂和反戰示威。1969年美國完成首次人類登陸月球。1973年美軍全部撤出越南。在波斯灣戰爭(1991)中，美國領導聯軍攻打伊拉克。1992年派兵到索馬里救援飢民。1995年和1999年加入北大西洋公約組織空襲前南斯拉夫的塞爾維亞軍隊。1998年W.J.柯林頓總統成為第二個要被美國眾議院彈劾的總統；1999年他被參議院宣布無罪。1999年巴拿馬運河的管理移交給了巴拿馬。2000年G.W.布希成為1888年以來盡管獲得的選票略低於對手A.戈爾，但仍被總統選舉團選為總統的第一人。2001年9月11日恐怖分子的攻擊摧毀了世界貿易中心和五角大樓的部分建築以後，美國以藏匿並拒絕引渡此次恐怖活動的策劃嫌疑本·拉登為由，派兵向阿富汗的塔利班政府發動進攻。

United States
officially United States of America
Federal republic, North America.
It comprises 48 contiguous states occupying the mid-continent, Alaska at the northwestern extreme of North America, and the island state of Hawaii in the mid-Pacific Ocean. Area, including the U.S. share of the Great Lakes: 3,675,031 sq mi (9,518,287 sq km). Population (2002 est.): 287,602,000. Capital: Washington, D.C. The population includes people of European and Middle Eastern ancestry, African Americans, Hispanics, Asians, Pacific Islanders, American Indians (Native Americans), and Alaska Natives. Languages: English (predominant), Spanish. Religions: Protestantism, Roman Catholicism, Judaism, Islam. Currency: U.S. dollar. The country's regions encompass mountains, plains, lowlands, and deserts. Mountain ranges include the Appalachians, Ozarks, Rockies, Cascades, and Sierra Nevada. The lowest point is Death Valley, Calif. The highest point is Alaska's Mount McKinley; within the coterminous U.S. it is Mount Whitney, Calif. Chief rivers are the Mississippi system, the Colorado, the Columbia, and the Rio Grande. The Great Lakes, the Great Salt Lake, and Lake Okeechobee are the largest lakes. The U.S. is among the world's leading procers of several minerals, including copper, silver, zinc, gold, coal, petroleum, and natural gas; it is the chief exporter of food. Its manufactures include iron and steel, chemicals, electronic equipment, and textiles. Other important instries are tourism, dairying, livestock raising, fishing, and lumbering. The U.S. is a republic with two legislative houses; its head of state and government is the president. The territory was originally inhabited for several thousand years by numerous American Indian peoples who had probably emigrated from Asia. European exploration and settlement from the 16th century began displacement of the Indians. The first permanent European settlement, by the Spanish, was at Saint Augustine, Fla., in 1565; the British settled Jamestown, Va. (1607); Plymouth, Mass. (1620); Maryland (1634); and Pennsylvania (1681). The British took New York, New Jersey, and Delaware from the Dutch in 1664, a year after the Carolinas had been granted to British noblemen. The British defeat of the French in 1763 (see French and Indian War) assured British political control over its 13 colonies. Political unrest caused by British colonial policy culminated in the American Revolution (1775–83) and the Declaration of Independence (1776). The U.S. was first organized under the Articles of Confederation (1781), then finally under the Constitution (1787) as a federal republic. Boundaries extended west to the Mississippi River, excluding Spanish Florida. Land acquired from France by the Louisiana Purchase (1803) nearly doubled the country's territory. The U.S. fought the War of 1812 against the British and acquired Florida from Spain in 1819. In 1830 it legalized removal of American Indians to lands west of the Mississippi River. Settlement expanded into the Far West in the mid-19th century, especially after the discovery of gold in California in 1848 (see gold rush). Victory in the Mexican War (1846–48) brought the territory of seven more future states (including California and Texas) into U.S. hands. The northwestern boundary was established by treaty with Great Britain in 1846. The U.S. acquired southern Arizona by the Gadsden Purchase (1853). It suffered disunity ring the conflict between the slavery-based plantation economy in the South and the free instrial and agricultural economy in the North, culminating in the American Civil War and the abolition of slavery under the 13th Amendment. After Reconstruction (1865–77) the U.S. experienced rapid growth, urbanization, instrial development, and European immigration. In 1877 it authorized allotment of American Indian reservation land to indivial tribesmen, resulting in widespread loss of land to whites. By the end of the 19th century, it had developed foreign trade and acquired outlying territories, including Alaska, Midway Island, the Hawaiian Islands, the Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam, Wake Island, American Samoa, the Panama Canal Zone, and the Virgin Islands. The U.S. participated in World War I in 1917–18. It granted suffrage to women in 1920 and citizenship to American Indians in 1924. The stock market crash of 1929 led to the Great Depression. The U.S. entered World War II after the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor (Dec. 7, 1941). The explosion by the U.S. of an atomic bomb on Hiroshima (Aug. 6, 1945) and another on Nagasaki (Aug. 9, 1945), Japan, brought about Japan's surrender. Thereafter the U.S. was the military and economic leader of the Western world. In the first decade after the war, it aided the reconstruction of Europe and Japan and became embroiled in a rivalry with the Soviet Union known as the Cold War. It participated in the Korean War from 1950 to 1953. In 1952 it granted autonomous commonwealth status to Puerto Rico. Racial segregation in schools was declared unconstitutional in 1954. Alaska and Hawaii were made states in 1959. In 1964 Congress passed the Civil Rights Act and authorized U.S. entry into the Vietnam War. The mid-to late 1960s were marked by widespread civil disorder, including race riots and antiwar demonstrations. The U.S. accomplished the first manned lunar landing in 1969. All U.S. troops were withdrawn from Vietnam in 1973. The U.S. led a coalition of forces against Iraq in the First Persian Gulf War (1991), sent troops to Somalia (1992) to aid starving populations, and participated in NATO air strikes against Serbian forces in the former Yugoslavia in 1995 and 1999. In 1998 Pres. Bill Clinton became only the second president to be impeached by the House of Representatives; he was acquitted by the Senate in 1999. Administration of the Panama Canal was turned over to Panama in 1999. In 2000 George W. Bush became the first person since 1888 to be elected president by the electoral college despite having won fewer popular votes than his opponent, Al Gore. After the September 11 attacks on the U.S. in 2001 destroyed the World Trade Center and part of the Pentagon, the U.S. attacked Afghanistan's Taliban government for harbouring and refusing to extradite the mastermind of the terrorism, Osama bin Laden.

② 我要做一個英文的PPT誰能介紹一部【比較有深度的電影】

阿甘正傳 Forrest Gump

Forrest Gump is a 1994 American drama film based on the 1986 novel of the same name by Winston Groom and the name of the title character of both. The film was a huge commercial success, earning US$677 million worldwide ring its theatrical run making it the top grossing film in North America released that year. The film garnered a total of 13 Academy Award nominations, of which it won six, including Best Picture, Best Visual Effects, Best Director (Robert Zemeckis), and Best Actor (Tom Hanks).

The film tells the story of a man with an IQ of 75 and his epic journey through life, meeting historical figures, influencing popular culture and experiencing first-hand historic events while being largely unaware of their significance, e to his lower than average intelligence. The film differs substantially from the book on which it was based.

Plot
The film begins with a feather falling to the feet of Forrest Gump who is sitting at a bus stop in Savannah, Georgia. Forrest picks up the feather and puts it in the book Curious George, then tells the story of his life to a woman seated next to him. The listeners at the bus stop change regularly throughout his narration, each showing a different attitude ranging from disbelief and indifference to rapt veneration.

On his first day of school, his mother had sex with the principal to get him into the school despite his low I.Q., and he meets a girl named Jenny, whose life is followed in parallel to Forrest's at times. Having discarded his leg braces, his ability to run at lightning speed gets him into college on a football scholarship, where he plays for legendary Alabama head coach Paul "Bear" Bryant; ring this time, he was also chosen as a member of the All-American Football Team and he was invited to meet President Kennedy at the White House. After his college graation, he enlists in the army and is sent to Vietnam, where he makes fast friends with a man named Bubba, who convinces Forrest to go into the shrimping business with him when the war is over. After a ferocious Vietnamese attack, however, Forrest ends up saving much of his platoon from the Viet Cong, including his platoon leader, Lt. Dan Taylor, a career military officer who felt his destiny was to die in battle like his ancestors did who fought in every major war that America fought since the Revolution. Bubba is killed in action. Lt. Dan is unwillingly saved by Forrest but loses his legs. Forrest is awarded the Medal of Honor for his heroism by President Lyndon Johnson.

At an anti-war rally in Washington, D.C. Forrest reunites with Jenny, who has been living a hippie counterculture lifestyle.

While Forrest is in recovery for a bullet shot to his "butt-tox", he discovers his uncanny ability for ping-pong, eventually gaining popularity and rising to celebrity status, later playing ping-pong competitively against Chinese teams. He is later invited to the White House and is given an award from President Nixon. That evening he calls security when he sees flashlights in an office building across from his hotel room at the Watergate Hotel; this leads to the Watergate scandal and the subsequent resignation of Richard Nixon.

He appears on the Dick Cavett show in 1971 and inspires John Lennon to write the song "Imagine." After the broadcast, he briefly reunites with his old commanding officer Lieutenant Dan in New York. Dan, after losing both legs in war, has become extremely pessimistic, and has resorted to debauchery.

Returning home, Forrest endorses a company that makes ping-pong paddles, earning himself $25,000 which he uses to buy a shrimping boat, fulfilling his promise to Bubba. Eventually, Lieutenant Dan joins him. Though initially Forrest has little success, after finding his boat, the only surviving boat in the area after Hurricane Carmen in the fall of 1974, he begins to pull in huge amounts of shrimp and uses it to buy an entire fleet of shrimp boats. Lieutenant Dan invests the money in Apple Computer and Forrest is financially secure for the rest of his life. He returns home to see his mother's last days as she is dying of cancer circa 1975.

One day, Jenny returns to visit Forrest and he proposes marriage to her. She declines, though feels obliged to prove her love to him by sleeping with him. She leaves early the next morning. On a whim, Forrest elects to go for a run. Seemingly capricious at first, he decides to keep running across the country several times, over some three and a half years, becoming famous.

In the present-day (the early 1980s in the film), Forrest reveals that he is waiting at the bus stop because he received a letter from Jenny who, having seen him run on television, asks him to visit her. Once he is reunited with Jenny, Forrest discovers she has a young son, of whom Forrest is the father. Jenny tells Forrest she is suffering from a virus (probably HIV, though this is never definitively stated).[1][2][3] Together the three move back to Greenbow, Alabama. Jenny and Forrest finally marry. Jenny dies soon afterward.

The film ends with father and son waiting for the school bus on little Forrest's first day of school. Opening the book his son is taking to school, the white feather from the beginning of the movie is seen to fall from within the pages. As the bus pulls away, the white feather is caught on a breeze and drifts skyward.

[edit] Themes
Though superficially Gump might not seem to understand all that goes on around him, the viewer gets the sense that he knows enough, the rest being superfluous detail. Roger Ebert offers the example of Jenny telling Forrest, "You don't know what love is."[4]

Also explored in the film are the opposing ideas that in life we either follow a set plan, or that we float about randomly like a feather in the wind. Relevant to this idea is the now famous quotation from the film, "life is like a box of chocolates; you never know what you're gonna get."

It has been noted that while Forrest follows a very conservative lifestyle, Jenny's life is full of countercultural embrace, replete with drug usage and antiwar rallies, and that their eventual marriage might be a kind of tongue-in-cheek reconciliation. However, the nature of Jenny's death has lead others to conclude that the movie is looking down on counterculture lifestyles, considering them to be the wrong type of path to choose.

Other commentators believe that the film forecasted the 1994 Republican Revolution and used the image of Forrest Gump to promote traditional, conservative values adhered by Gump's character.[5]

[edit] Proction details
Ken Ralston and his team at Instrial Light & Magic were responsible for the film's visual effects. Using CGI-techniques it was possible to depict Gump meeting now-deceased presidents and shaking their hands.

Archival footage was used and with the help of techniques like chroma key, warping, morphing and rotoscoping, Tom Hanks was integrated into it. This feat was honored with an Oscar for Best Visual Effects.

The CGI removal of actor Gary Sinise's legs, after his character had them amputated, was achieved by wrapping his legs with a blue fabric, which later facilitated the work of the "roto-paint"-team to paint out his legs from every single frame. At one point, while hoisting himself into his wheelchair, his "missing" legs are used for support.

Dick Cavett played himself in the 1970s with make-up applied to make it appear that he was much younger than the commentator was ring the filming. Consequently, Cavett is the only well-known figure in the film to actually play himself for the feature, rather than via archive footage.

Differences from novel
Forrest Gump is based on the 1986 novel by Winston Groom. Both center around the character of Forrest Gump. However, the film primarily focuses on the first eleven chapters of the novel, before skipping ahead to the end of the novel with the founding of Bubba Gump Shrimp and the meeting with Forrest Jr. In addition to skipping some parts of the novel, the film adds several aspects to Forrest's life that do not occur in the novel, such as his needing leg braces as a child and his run across the country.

Forrest's core character and personality are also changed from the novel, and it has been reported that Groom was annoyed by the changes.[6] For example, in the book Forrest is crude, curses regularly, joins a band with Jenny, has a prolonged sexual relationship with Jenny, smokes dope, becomes a professional wrestler, and an astronaut. What is impossible in the book is made plausible in the movie.

[edit] Reception
In Tom Hanks' words, "The film is non-political and thus non-judgmental". Nevertheless, in 1994, CNN's Crossfire debated whether the film had a left- or right-wing bias. Filmmaker Lloyd Kaufman has noted that Gump's successes result from doing what he is told by others, and never showing any initiative of his own, in contrast to Jenny's more forthright and independent character who is shown descending into drugs, prostitution, and death.[7]

The film received mostly positive critical reviews at the time of its release, with Roger Ebert saying, "The screenplay by Eric Roth has the complexity of modern fiction....[Hanks'] performance is a breathtaking balancing act between comedy and sadness, in a story rich in big laughs and quiet truths....what a magical movie."[8] The film received notable pans from several major reviewers, however, including The New Yorker and Entertainment Weekly, which said that the movie "reces the tumult of the last few decades to a virtual-reality theme park: a baby-boomer version of Disney's America."[9] As of June 2008, the film garners a 72% "Fresh" rating from critics on Rotten Tomatoes.[10]

However, the film is commonly seen as a polarizing one for audiences, with Entertainment Weekly writing in 2004, "Nearly a decade after it earned gazillions and swept the Oscars, Robert Zemeckis' ode to 20th-century America still represents one of cinema's most clearly drawn lines in the sand. One half of folks see it as an artificial piece of pop melodrama, while everyone else raves that it's sweet as a box of chocolates."[11] The film also came in at #76 on AFI's Top-100 American movies of all time list in 2007.

[edit] Cast
Actor Role
Tom Hanks Forrest Gump
Robin Wright Penn Jenny Curran
Gary Sinise Lieutenant Dan Taylor
Mykelti Williamson Benjamin Buford "Bubba" Blue
Sally Field Forrest's mother
Michael Conner Humphreys Young Forrest Gump
Hanna R. Hall Young Jenny Curran
Haley Joel Osment Forrest Gump Jr.
Sam Anderson Principal Hancock
Geoffrey Blake Wesley, SDS Organizer
David Brisbin Newscaster
Peter Dobson Elvis Presley
Siobhan Fallon Dorothy Harris, School Bus Driver
Osmar Olivo Drill Sergeant
Brett Rice High School Football Coach
Sonny Shroyer Coach Paul "Bear" Bryant
Kurt Russell Voice of Elvis Presley
Harold G. Herthum Doctor

Soundtrack
Main articles: Forrest Gump (soundtrack) and Forrest Gump - Original Motion Picture Score
The soundtrack from Forrest Gump had a variety of music from the 50s, 60s, 70s, and early 80s performed by American artists. It went on to sell 12 million copies, and is one of the top selling albums in the United States.

1994 Academy Awards (Oscars)

Won - Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role — Tom Hanks
Won - Best Director — Robert Zemeckis
Won - Best Film Editing — Arthur Schmidt
Won - Best Picture — Wendy Finerman, Steve Starkey, Steve Tisch
Won - Best Visual Effects — Ken Ralston, George Murphy, Stephen Rosenbaum, Allen Hall
Won - Best Adapted Screenplay — Eric Roth
Nominated - Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role — Gary Sinise (as Lieutenant Dan Taylor)
Nominated - Best Achievement in Art Direction — Rick Carter, Nancy Haigh
Nominated - Best Achievement in Cinematography — Don Burgess
Nominated - Best Makeup — Daniel C. Striepeke, Hallie D'Amore
Nominated - Best Original Score — Alan Silvestri
Nominated - Best Sound Mixing — Randy Thom, Tom Johnson, Dennis S. Sands, William B. Kaplan
Nominated - Best Sound Editing — Gloria S. Borders, Randy Thom
1995 Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films (Saturn Awards)

Won - Best Supporting Actor (Film) — Gary Sinise
Won - Best Fantasy Film
Nominated - Best Actor (Film) — Tom Hanks
Nominated - Best Music — Alan Silvestri
Nominated - Best Special Effects — Ken Ralston
Nominated - Best Writing — Eric Roth
1995 Amanda Awards

Won - Best Film (International)
1995 American Cinema Editors (Eddies)

Won - Best Edited Feature Film — Arthur Schmidt
1995 American Comedy Awards

Won - Funniest Actor in a Motion Picture (Leading Role) — Tom Hanks
1995 American Society of Cinematographers

Nominated - Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography in Theatrical Releases — Don Burgess
1995 BAFTA Film Awards

Won - Outstanding Achievement in Special Visual Effects — Ken Ralston, George Murphy, Stephen Rosenbaum, Doug Chiang, Allen Hall
Nominated - Best Actor in a Leading Role — Tom Hanks
Nominated - Best Actress in a Supporting Role — Sally Field
Nominated - Best Film — Wendy Finerman, Steve Tisch, Steve Starkey, Robert Zemeckis
Nominated - Best Cinematography — Don Burgess
Nominated - David Lean Award for Direction — Robert Zemeckis
Nominated - Best Editing — Aurthur Schmidt
Nominated - Best Adapted Screenplay — Eric Roth
1995 Casting Society of America (Artios)

Nominated - Best Casting for Feature Film, Drama — Ellen Lewis
1995 Chicago Film Critics Association Awards

Won - Best Actor — Tom Hanks
1995 Directors Guild of America

Won - Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures — Robert Zemeckis, Charles Newirth, Bruce Moriarity, Cherylanne Martin, Dana J. Kuznetzkoff
1995 Golden Globe Awards

Won - Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama — Tom Hanks
Won - Best Director - Motion Picture — Robert Zemeckis
Won - Best Motion Picture - Drama
Nominated - Best Supporting Actor - Motion Picture — Gary Sinise
Nominated - Best Supporting Actress - Motion Picture — Robin Wright Penn
Nominated - Best Original Score — Alan Silvestri
Nominated - Best Screenplay - Motion Picture — Eric Roth
1995 Heartland Film Festival

Won - Studio Crystal Heart Award — Winston Groom
1995 MTV Movie Awards

Nominated - Best Breakthrough Performance — Mykelti Williamson
Nominated - Best Male Performance — Tom Hanks
Nominated - Best Movie
1995 Motion Picture Sound Editors (Golden Reel Award)

Won - Best Sound Editing
1994 National Board of Review of Motion Pictures

Nominated - Best Actor — Tom Hanks
Nominated - Best Supporting Actor — Gary Sinise
Nominated - Best Picture
1995 PGA Golden Laurel Awards

Won - Motion Picture Procer of the Year Award — Wendy Finerman, Steve Tisch, Steve Starkey, Charles Newirth
1995 People's Choice Awards

Won - Favorite All-Around Motion Picture
Won - Favorite Dramatic Motion Picture
1995 Screen Actors Guild Awards

Won - Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role — Tom Hanks
Nominated - Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role — Gary Sinise
Nominated - Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role — Sally Field & Robin Wright Penn
1995 Writers Guild of America Awards

Won - Best Screenplay Adapted from Another Medium — Eric Roth
1995 Young Artist Awards

Won - Best Performance in a Feature Film - Young Actor 10 or Younger — Haley Joel Osment
Won - Best Performance in a Feature Film - Young Actress 10 or Younger — Hanna R. Hall
Nominated - Best Performance in a Feature Film - Young Actor Co-Starring — Michael Conner Humphreys

[edit] Sequel
A screenplay based on the original novel's sequel, Gump and Co., was written by Eric Roth in 2001. Due to a legal dispute between Winston Groom and Paramount Pictures over the first movie, the sequel was never put into proction. In March 2007, however, it was reported that the dispute has been resolved and that Paramount procers are now taking another look at the screenplay.

③ 美國歷史簡介英文版

美國人民是個勇敢而愛好自由的民族. 他們原本來自世界各地, 是許多不同的文化、種族和宗教, 經過長時期的共存結合而形成的, 漸漸他們以身為美國人而自豪.

17世紀以前, 北美廣大原野僅有印第安人和愛斯基摩人居住, 但經過百餘年的移民, 這里已成為歐洲國家人民的新家園, 而其中最主要為英國人所建立的13州殖民地, 這13州殖民地宣布脫離英國而獨立. 幾經協商與改革, 聯邦體制的美國, 於法國大革命前夕, 正式登上世界舞台. 早期的美國很歡迎外來的移民, 這些移民使她迅速地成長. 美國人口, 在1776 年只有300萬人, 而現在則超過2億. 在人口迅速增加的過程中, 新的生存空間, 也跟著不斷開拓, 而方向則由東向西, 拓疆的先驅們不但從事農耕畜牧, 也尋找礦產及其它資源. 到了20世紀,美國不但已成為世界強國, 並且也是科學、技術、醫葯及軍事力量的先進國家.

殖民時期以前(1607以前)

在兩萬多年前, 有一批來自亞洲的流浪者, 經由北美到中南美洲, 這些人就是印第安人的祖先. 當哥倫布發現新大陸時, 居住在美洲的印第安人, 約有2,000萬, 其中有大約100萬人住在現在的加拿大和美國中北部, 其餘絕大部分住在現在的墨西哥和美國南部. 大約1萬年前, 又有另一批亞洲人, 移居到北美北部, 這是後來的愛斯基摩人. 而最早到美洲的白種人大概是維京人, 他們是一群喜好冒險的捕漁人, 有人認為他們在1,000年前,曾到過北美東海岸. 殖民時期(1607～1753) 1607年, 一個約一百人的殖民團體, 在乞沙比克海灘建立了詹姆士鎮, 這是英國在北美所建的第一個永久性殖民地. 在以後150年中, 陸續涌來了許多的殖民者, 定居於沿岸地區, 其中大部分來自英國, 也有一部分來自法國、德國、荷蘭、愛爾蘭和其他國家. 18世紀中葉, 13個英國殖民地逐漸形成, 他們在英國的最高主權下有各自的政府和議會. 這13個殖民區因氣候和地理環境的差異, 造成了各地經濟形態、政治制度與觀念上的差別.

獨立運動(1754～1783)

18世紀中葉, 英國在美洲的殖民地與英國之間, 已有了裂痕. 殖民地的擴張, 使他們產生某種自覺, 自覺到英國的迫害, 而萌生獨立的念頭. 1774年, 來自12州的代表, 聚集在費城, 召開所謂第一次大陸會議, 希望能尋出一條合理的途徑, 與英國和平解決問題, 然而英王卻堅持殖民地必須無條件臣服於英王, 並接受處分. 1775年, 在麻州點燃戰火, 5月, 召開第二次大陸會議, 堅定了戰爭與獨立的決心, 並發表有名的獨立宣言, 提出充分的理由來打這場仗, 這也是最後致勝的要素. 1781年, 美軍贏得了決定性的勝利, 1783年, 美英簽定巴黎條約, 結束了獨立戰爭.

組成新政府(1784～1819)

革命的成功, 使美國人民有了以立法形式表達他們政治觀念的機會. 1787年, 在費城舉行聯邦會議, 會中華盛頓被推為主席, 他們採取一項原則, 即中央的權力是一般性的, 但必須有審慎的規定和說明, 同時, 他們也接受一項事實, 那就是全國性政府必須有稅收、鑄造貨幣、調整商業、宣戰及締結條約的權力. 此外, 為了防止中央權力過大, 而採取孟德斯鳩的均權政治學說, 即政府中設置三個平等合作與制衡的部門, 即立法、行 政、司法三種權力相互調和, 制衡而不使任何一權占控制地位.

向西擴張(1820～1849)

19世紀初期, 數以千計的人, 越過阿帕拉契山, 向西移動, 有些開拓者, 移居到美國的邊界, 甚至深入屬於墨西哥的領地、以及介於阿拉斯加與加利福尼亞的俄勒岡. 開拓者勇敢、勤奮地向西尋求更好的生活.

南北沖突(1850～1869)

引起內戰的原因, 不單是經濟上、政治上、軍事上的問題, 還包括了思想上的沖突. 內戰暴露了美國的弱點. 對這個國家的存在, 作了一番考驗. 經過了這次考驗, 美國才步向一個中央集權化之現代國家的坦途. 南北之間, 為奴隸問題而起爭執, 南方在全國政治上的主要方針, 就在保護和擴大"棉花與奴隸"制度所代表的利益；而北部各州, 主要是製造業、商業和 金融的中心, 這些生產無需依賴奴隸, 這種經濟上和政治上的沖突都是由來已久的. 1860年代初期, 11個南方的州脫離聯邦, 另組政府, 北方則表示, 為了統一將不惜付出任何代價. 1861年, 內戰爆發了, 這場美國人面對面的流血戰, 打了四年, 南方遭到嚴重的破壞, 而且留下深深的傷痕. 1865年, 北方戰勝了, 這項勝利不但顯示美國回復統一, 而且, 從此全國各地不再施行奴隸制度.

工業化與改革(1870～1916)

19世紀初期, 美國開始工業化, 而內戰之後, 則步入成熟階段. 在從內戰至第一次世界大戰的不到50年時間內, 她從一個農村化的共和國變成了城市化的國家. 機器代替了手工,產品大量增加. 全國性的鐵道網, 增進了貨品流通. 應大眾的需要, 許多新發明應市了. 銀行業提供貸款, 促成工商業經營的擴大. 故從1890到1917年的近30年間被稱為所謂"進步時期", 1914 年, 世界大戰爆發, 1917年,美國終於被捲入大戰漩渦中, 並且在世界上嘗試扮演新的角色.

世界的新地位(1917～1929)

在戰後的10年間, 美國的社會與文化可說是個無生氣、無感情, 屬於商人階級的10年. 據1929年統計, 居城 與居鄉的比率是56%∶44%, 這時舉凡現代生活的特色, 諸如汽車、電話、收音機、洗衣機, 已成為生活的必需品. 戰後經濟呈現極度的繁榮, 原因有二, 一為政府不再干涉私營企業且有立法保護之, 二為新技術的帶 動. 雖然經濟成長很快, 但是基礎不穩.

不景氣時代和第二次世界大戰(1930～1959)

經濟大恐慌, 影響的不只是美國, 世界各國都受到它的打擊, 經濟大恐慌, 使上百萬的工人失業, 大批的農人被迫放棄耕地, 工廠商店關門, 銀行倒閉…… 一片蕭條. 1932年, 羅斯福當選總統, 他主張政府應拿出行動來結束經濟大恐慌, 新政府雖然解決了許多的困難, 但美國的經濟還是要到二次大戰, 才蘇醒起來. 第二次世界大戰之後, 美蘇兩國, 關系日趨惡化, 分別在軍事、政治、經濟、宣傳各方面, 加緊准備, 一如戰時, 這種狀態, 被稱為"冷戰".

1960年以來

美國歷史自1960以來, 許多方面仍是戰後發展的延續. 經濟方面, 除了周期性的不景氣, 則仍不斷膨脹；從 城市移居到郊區的人口, 繼續增加, 1970年, 居郊人口超過了居城人口. 1960年初期, 黑人問題成為美國內部最主要的問題.

1960年代中期, 許多美國人開始不滿政府的對外政策. 此外, 由於工業的發展, 人口的集中, 60年代後期, 生態環境的污染廣受注意. 70年代初期, 由於能源危機而導致的經濟蕭條, 是大恐慌以來, 最嚴重的一次.

70年代中期, 經濟一度復甦, 但到70年代未期, 又出現通貨膨脹. 1976年, 美國建國200周年, 全國舉行各項慶祝活動. 1981年4月12日, 美國成功地發射"哥倫比亞號"太空梭, 將人類又帶入另一個太空新紀元. 1985年, 里根連任總統, 在日新月異的人類發展史中,美國將展開新的一頁.

④ 美國電影史英文版

英譯：For a long time, the United States only to the film as a means of entertainment to Hollywood as a story and fantasy proction factories, so first of all note that the movie business value. However, after 70 years, the American film has been great development in academic research. In 1967, both in Washington and Los Angeles have established the American Film Institute (AFI). Film Archive, throughout the United States, including important ones are the New York Museum of Modern Art, Rochester's Eastman Film Archive, the Library of Congress, Washington, Berkeley Pacific Film Archive. 8 large film company has disintegrated or converting 60 years after the
A large number of film and archives donated to the museum and the University Film Studies Center, the study of national film traditions, protect their heritage plays a significant role in the film.

By 1900, Hollywood has a post office, a newspaper, a hotel and two markets, its residents number 500. 100,000 population in Los Angeles in the city, 11 kilometers east. In Hollywood and Los Angeles have only a single-track tram. 1902 Hollywood hotel, now known as the first part of the opening. In 1903, here upgraded to the city's 177 voting residents of the right to vote unanimously endorsed by the "Hollywood," named after whom. That year under the two commands are: In addition to pharmacies in other stores outside the prohibition, and no amount of driving in the streets more than 200 cattle. 1904
A new so-called Hollywood Avenue streetcar opened, so that between the Hollywood and Los Angeles round-trip time significantly shortened. In 1910, Hollywood residents voted to join the Los Angeles. The reason is so that they can be in Los Angeles drinking water and access to adequate drainage facilities.
In 1907, director Francis Burgess led his crew arrived in Los Angeles, filming "Count of Monte Cristo." They found that, where beautiful natural scenery, plenty of light and suitable climate is the natural place for filming. The early 1910s, director David Griffith Biograph company was sent to the West Coast to make a film, he took Lillian Gish, Mary-bi g-fu and other actors came to Los Angeles. They were then looking for a new site, so proceed north, came a warm small town, and that is Hollywood. Biograph company found here in good condition
So back to New York before they filmed several movies. Graally many people in the instry know that invaluable piece of land, to the increasing number of Hollywood movie crew, the U.S. film instry moved to Hollywood's big movement started, Hollywood movies have to be forward.
October 1911, a group from New Jersey to film-makers on the ground that under the leadership of the photographer came to a small Inn called Bu Lang, they will rent the inn converted into a studio look. In this way, they created Hollywood's first film studio - Ernest Pictures.
Since then, many film companies settled in Hollywood, the famous film companies: MGM (Metro Goldwyn Mayer, called MGM), Paramount Pictures (Paramount Pictures, Inc.), Twentieth Century Fox (20th Century Fox), Warner Bros. (Warner Brothers), RKO (Radio Keith Orpheum, referred to as RKO), Universal (Universal), United Artists Corporation (United Artists), Columbia Pictures (Columbia Pictures).

【中文】
關於美國電影
長期以來，美國只把電影看作是娛樂手段，把好萊塢當成生產故事和幻想的工廠，因此首先注意影片的商業價值。但是，70年代前後，美國電影學術研究有了很大的發展。1967年，在華盛頓和洛杉磯兩地成立了美國電影研究院（AFI）。電影資料館遍布全美，其中重要的有紐約現代藝術博物館、羅切斯特的伊斯曼電影數據館、華盛頓國會圖書館、伯克利太平洋電影資料館等。8大影片公司於60年代先後解體或轉產之後，影片和檔案大量捐贈給上述資料館和各大學的電影研究中心，對研究本國電影傳統、保護本國電影文物起著很大作用。

二十世紀的好萊塢：到1900年，好萊塢已經有一間郵局、一張報紙、一座旅館和兩個市場，其居民數為500人。10萬人口的洛杉磯位於市東11公里處。在好萊塢和洛杉磯間只有一條單軌的有軌電車。1902年，今天著名的好萊塢酒店的第一部分開業。1903年，此地升格為市，參加投票的177位有選舉權的居民一致贊同以「好萊塢」為之命名。當年下的兩條命令是：除葯店外其他商店禁酒，及不準在街上驅趕數量多於200的牛群。1904年，一條新的被稱為好萊塢大街的有軌電車開業，使好萊塢與洛杉磯間的往返時間大大縮短。1910年，好萊塢的居民投票決定加入洛杉磯。原因是這樣他們可以通過洛杉磯取得足夠的飲水和獲得排水設施。
1907年，導演弗朗西斯·伯格斯帶領他的攝制組來到洛杉磯，拍攝《基督山伯爵》。他們發現，這里明媚的自然風光、充足的光線和適宜的氣候是拍攝電影的天然場所。1910年代初，導演大衛·格里菲斯被Biograph公司派到西海岸來拍電影，他帶著麗蓮·吉許、瑪麗·璧克馥等演員來到了洛杉磯。他們後來想尋找一塊新的地盤，於是向北出發，來到了一個熱情的小鎮，那就是好萊塢。Biograph公司發現此地條件不錯，於是在回紐約前又陸續拍了好幾部電影。漸漸許多業內人士都知道了這塊寶地，到好萊塢的電影劇組越來越多，美國電影業移師好萊塢的大轉移開始，好萊塢向成為電影之都邁進。
1911年10月，一批從新澤西來的電影工作者在當地以為攝影師的帶領下，來到一家叫布朗杜的小客棧，他們將租到的客棧改裝成一家電影公司的樣子。這樣，他們創建了好萊塢的第一家電影製片廠——內斯特影片公司。
從那以後，許多電影公司在好萊塢落戶，著名的電影公司有：米高梅電影公司（Metro Goldwyn Mayer，簡稱MGM）、派拉蒙影業公司（Paramount Pictures, Inc.）、二十世紀福克斯公司（20th Century Fox）、華納兄弟公司（Warner Brothers）、雷電華公司（Radio Keith Orpheum，簡稱RKO）、環球公司（Universal）、聯美公司（United Artists）、哥倫比亞影業公司（Columbia Pictures）。

⑤ 美國電影的發展歷史

美國是世界第一電影強國，雖然美國只有200餘年歷史，沒有什麼歷史底蘊，但在幾百年的短暫發展中，逐漸形成了具有鮮明特色的美國文化，其核心就是追求夢想，平等，自由，以及包容一切。而這些在其電影中都有著很好的體現，這些都是很多其他國家電影所不具備的。包容這一點尤其是其他國家望塵莫及的，最典型的例子是2006年的電影《硫磺島來信》，能從侵略者和敵人的角度來表現戰爭，發掘敵人身上的閃光點與無奈，在全球恐怕沒有多少國家能做到。因而美國電影一直引領著世界電影產業發展的潮流。
19世紀末20世紀初，美國的城市工業經濟和中下層居民數量迅速增長，美國電影成為適應城市平民需要的一種大眾娛樂。它起先在歌舞游樂場內，隨後進入小劇場，在劇目演出之後放映。1905年在匹茲堡出現的鎳幣影院（入場券為 5美分鎳幣）很快遍及美國所有城鎮，到1910年每周的電影觀眾多達3600萬人次。這些影片都是單本一部的，當時的產量是每月400部，主要的製片基地在紐約，如愛迪生公司、比沃格拉夫公司和維太格拉夫公司。1903年鮑特，E.S.的《一個美國消防員的生活》和《火車大劫案》使電影從一種新奇的玩藝兒發展為一門藝術。影片中使用了剪輯技巧，鮑特成為用交叉剪輯手法來造成戲劇效果的第一位導演。
電影收益高，競爭激烈。自1897年開始，愛迪生即為爭奪專利進行訴訟。到1908年，成立了由愛迪生控制的電影專利公司，該公司擁有16項專利權，並與電影膠片專營者之一的伊斯曼柯達公司達成協議：只有專利公司成員組織方能購買伊斯曼膠片。到1910年，電影專利公司壟斷了美國電影的製作、發行和放映。
獨立製片商為擺脫專利公司的壟斷，相繼到遠離紐約和芝加哥的洛杉磯郊外小鎮好萊塢去拍片，這里的自然條件得天獨厚，遠離專利公司的控制，又臨近墨西哥邊境，一旦專利公司提出訴訟便可逃離。格里菲斯此時開始了他的電影生涯，他於1907年加入比沃格拉夫公司，1908年導演了第一部影片《陶麗歷險記》。至1912年，他已為該公司攝制了近 400部影片，把拍片重心逐漸移向好萊塢，並發現和培養了許多後來的名演員，如塞納-馬恩省特，M.、璧克馥，M.和吉許，L.姐妹等。
到第一次世界大戰爆發前夕，鎳幣影院逐漸被一些條件較好的電影院所代替；電影專利公司的壟斷權勢也逐漸消失，終於在1915年正式解體。此時以格里菲斯為代表的一批新的電影藝術家已經出現。製片中心也從東海岸移到好萊塢。第一次世界大戰不同程度地破壞和損害了歐洲各國的電影業，卻促成了美國電影的勃興。美國電影源源不斷地湧入歐洲市場。待到第一次世界大戰結束時，美國電影已經建立起在歐洲的霸權地位。

⑥ 100分求一關於英文經典電影的PPT（急用）

My Favorite Movie - Star Wars
http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/manotas-75759-favorite-movie-star-wars-daniel-english-international-collaboration-rodriguez-2-ecation-ppt-powerpoint/

My Favorite Movie - Titanic
http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/biancaperez-75046-favorite-movie-second-evaluation-6th-level-ecation-ppt-powerpoint/

⑦ 急~求美國動畫發展歷史英文介紹，最好有圖片！！

Cartload : You are American, the U.S. and Asia Animation exchange of Principal Adviser to the United States in the development of track position is very well, Can you talk about the United States is how track instries from small to large and from weak to strong, ZTE access road? Zhang Xiaoji Security : The United States is a very attention to the protection of their cultural country. For example, the Christian culture is the backbone of an umbrella, other cultures around the trunk, the same as the umbrella bone unfolded. No matter how doing something unorthodox, it is inseparable from the mainstream culture. American culture is in the hands of the Americans, especially treasure of American culture, all pay attention to the protection of cultural, This can metaphor : the United States used the metaphor of a culture vessel, the American people are on board sailors, struggling in the water not dropped my boat. This is the first point. The second point that Americans have to track the spending habits of procts, so they have two characteristics : one is a universal consumption, Whether you are a child or young alts, and even the elderly, have different levels of animation consumption, for example, an elderly birthday, the movie received a lot of cards, the elderly are very pleased, and some of his relatives no matter what age, what good thing to encounter, such as birthday, wedding With what, He sent some gifts at the same time, yeah, right, and such gifts may be derived from the animation. He is also to release this gift cards to send out animation, which is a characteristic. Another feature of life animation consumption. Especially from the 0 to 12 age group, in the United States, statistical, in this age of the crowd, They average 71 toys, and some have more. I can cite an example, a young girl, especially hyperactive and not concentrate on learning. Mother leading her to see psychological doctors, psychologists say, can you draw me to your house to see, child psychologists came to the room, only one, shut the door, told her mother, Please put your child's toys to less 5%. According to the mother the doctors made, and the children are learning a lot really good. There's a reason children are toys much of the excess (approximately 400), comes to an end with this, um, how she can concentrate on their studies? This is a characteristic. The second characteristic is that in the United States, animation extension almost infiltrate into the corner of each, for example, sell drugs, Not only sell drugs, also sell small articles of daily use, these small articles of daily use, there is a considerable amount of animation procts, such as sick children. If you give him medicine at the same time, he could also proposed charges as just such as Mickey Mouse shirt. For instance, the stores sell glasses, glasses on the shelves, glasses are linked in some cartoon characters face, Reren cartoon characters are popular, and people passing through will not help more enjoyable, looking at the same time, they saw the glasses. In addition, spectacles store also placed many cartoon toys, glasses you bought at the same time, perhaps bought a playmate. In short, in the United States and merchants to provide consumers with all the consumer convenience, sometimes, you do not think of businessmen have you thought of everything. For instance, the cards seem very cheap, sometimes only 1,2 U.S. dollars, as your wife for a friend or a gift on the card write a few words, I will feel very warm, between classmates send a small gift as a gift card. According to what is said, the United States annual card sales volume reached 3 billion each year Americans spend almost 10 dollars, Therefore, the Americans animation consumption habits from the fundamental guarantee for the development track, it is a problem. Another key issue is, the United States domestic proction of animation Its basic principle is : the lower the better proction costs. and the greater efficiency is the better course. For example, when the company had the theme track design and screenplay, it may local proction in the United States, The United States may not have local proction, in Asia it can use half the cost of proction completed, he will never in their proction. Therefore, their procts are completely animation market, according to the laws of the market economy. Meanwhile, they paid great attention to protecting its cultural track, while minimizing foreign, such as Europe, Japan's invasion, I said yes to less than one is not allowed to import, but the introction of the quantity is very small. In short, they make full use of their proction animation procts. This is like one with its own seed, its own fertilizer, to hire cheap labor for them. He is the last of the harvest, said that the United States is an animated cartoon instry as a major power, it is not a coincidence. and I of the above mentioned enjoyed a close relationship, the problem is sporadic, I will discuss here. Zhang Xiao An Introction : USA, the U.S. and Asia Animation exchange organizations Principal Consultant. 1982 graated from the Beijing Film Academy (animation professional, college), in Beijing Branch shadow, Chinese television proction center, and the Central Television unit. He is the first Chinese animation instry in the television cartoon creation one of the young directors. A distinctive style, with a rich culture of color. USA, the United States and Asia as cartoon bodies Principal Adviser, perform for the Chinese animation instry to provide professional consulting services and the promotion of Sino-U.S. cooperation animation project. His cartoon "I lost," was the first in 1989 China Television Animation Honor Award; animated short film "Jiapanweidi" is the 1994 National cartoon humor pieces sweetheart Award; Karaoke animation "Grandpa Deng meters of trees" in 1998 was China's first television program karaoke outstanding design award OK OK .
這可是我自己翻譯的！！！！！

⑧ 英語課要用ppt介紹一部電影，要怎麼做

方案二可以。應該開始放個視頻小片段，給觀眾第一印象。開過電影節上的影片介紹吧。

①用軟體把電影合理的剪開，把需要的留存。

②用PPT編輯文件。載入保存的視頻，穿插文字描述。

③末了，放上精彩的鏡頭。幻燈片不宜過多!

可以先講一下該劇的大概劇情

還有你推薦該劇的原因

再講一下主要演員啦

最後講一下該劇有啥值得我們學的

(8)美國電影歷史英文介紹ppt模板擴展閱讀

首先我想問是中學還是大學?

如果是中學，我建議選取些英文片，英文的警句和名言多些，可以用來介紹，同時最好選擇《阿甘正傳》，《肖申克的救贖》等勵志題材的片子，好立意，老師也肯定喜歡。

如果是大學的，配合充足的事先准備，可以隨便發揮啦，從劇情，人物，故事情節，甚至是拍攝手法，一部分一個PPT，深入淺出的去說，重在表達你的獨特見解。

⑨ 英文電影發展史

這個也太有難度了吧，非得專業人士不行啊，建議你還是直接娶你老師那邊索要得了，呵呵，大不了請吃頓飯完事！

⑩ 用英文介紹美國歷史

Native Americans and European settlers
The indigenous peoples of the U.S. mainland, including Alaska Natives, are believed to have migrated from Asia, beginning between 12,000 and 40,000 years ago.Some, such as the pre-Columbian Mississippian culture, developed advanced agriculture, grand architecture, and state-level societies. After Europeans began settling the Americas, many millions of indigenous Americans died from epidemics of imported diseases such as smallpox.

In 1492, Genoese explorer Christopher Columbus, under contract to the Spanish crown, reached several Caribbean islands, making first contact with the indigenous people. On April 2, 1513, Spanish conquistador Juan Ponce de León landed on what he called "La Florida"—the first documented European arrival on what would become the U.S. mainland. Spanish settlements in the region were followed by ones in the present-day southwestern United States that drew thousands through Mexico. French fur traders established outposts of New France around the Great Lakes; France eventually claimed much of the North American interior, down to the Gulf of Mexico. The first successful English settlements were the Virginia Colony in Jamestown in 1607 and the Pilgrims' Plymouth Colony in 1620. The 1628 chartering of the Massachusetts Bay Colony resulted in a wave of migration; by 1634, New England had been settled by some 10,000 Puritans. Between the late 1610s and the American Revolution, about 50,000 convicts were shipped to Britain's American colonies. Beginning in 1614, the Dutch settled along the lower Hudson River, including New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island.
In 1674, the Dutch ceded their American territory to England; the province of New Netherland was renamed New York. Many new immigrants, especially to the South, were indentured servants—some two-thirds of all Virginia immigrants between 1630 and 1680.By the turn of the 18th century, African slaves were becoming the primary source of bonded labor. With the 1729 division of the Carolinas and the 1732 colonization of Georgia, the thirteen British colonies that would become the United States of America were established. All had local governments with elections open to most free men, with a growing devotion to the ancient rights of Englishmen and a sense of self-government stimulating support for republicanism. All legalized the African slave trade. With high birth rates, low death rates, and steady immigration, the colonial population grew rapidly. The Christian revivalist movement of the 1730s and 1740s known as the Great Awakening fueled interest in both religion and religious liberty. In the French and Indian War, British forces seized Canada from the French, but the francophone population remained politically isolated from the southern colonies. Excluding the Native Americans (popularly known as "American Indians"), who were being displaced, those thirteen colonies had a population of 2.6 million in 1770, about one-third that of Britain; nearly one in five Americans were black slaves. Though subject to British taxation, the American colonials had no representation in the Parliament of Great Britain.